Contaminación de océanos por plásticos: técnicas de cuantificación y remoción
Palabras clave:
remediación, plástico, oceano, contaminación, degradaciónResumen
Los plásticos provocan daños internos o externos a las especies marinas y problemas de salud pública. Además, contribuyen al deterioro del sistema acuático ya que transportan otros contaminantes como disruptores endocrinos, retardantes de llama, entre otros. Esta investigación propone una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los últimos 5 años para examinar los métodos de biorremediación propuestos para la contaminación plástica. Los métodos degradativos (microorganismos, hongos y algas) representan el 45% de los artículos utilizados en la revisión sistemática. Otros métodos de remediación directa identificados son los procesos oxidativos avanzados (17%) y los procesos endotérmicos (14%). Si bien existen métodos aplicables como la pirólisis y la termodegradación, tienen desventajas como el costo energético, la baja calidad del producto y el riesgo de liberar microplásticos al medio ambiente. El escalamiento entre las dimensiones del laboratorio y las necesidades reales constituyen desafíos para las futuras aplicaciones de estos métodos.
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