Detection and geographic distribution of Bruggmanniella perseae gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in avocado orchards in Nayarit, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro383.6Keywords:
Avocado pests, COI, direct sampling, molecular analysis, ovary gall midgeAbstract
In Mexico, the presence of the Brugmanniella perseae Gagné, 2004, (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) has been recently detected. The objective was to identify and determine the geographic distribution of the B. perseae in the central region of the state of Nayarit. Between November 2024 and April 2025, fruits were collected from 29 commercial orchards of the Hass and Méndez cultivars located in three municipalities of Nayarit. At each selected site, direct sampling was conducted, and fruits with characteristic damage symptoms were selected. The samples were transported to the Agricultural Parasitology Laboratory at the Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, where they were kept under controlled conditions until the adult’s emergence. Taxonomical identification was perform using morphological criteria and dichotomous keys, complemented with molecular analysis. A total of 2,724 fruits were collected from 27 orchards showing evidence of infestation, from which 335 cecidomyiid adult insects emerged. Molecular analysis was performed using the DNA barcoding technique, employing a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Genetic distance was estimated using the two-parameter Kimura model (K2P). Twelve sequences of 648 bp were analyzed, showing a divergence of 0.0%, indicating an absent of genetic variation among the samples. The results confirmed the presence, and emergence of B. perseae in the central region of Nayarit and provided essential information for its monitoring and phytosanitary management in the avocado orchards.
Downloads
References
1. Cossio-Vargas, L.E., S. Salazar-García, I.J.L. González-Duran y R. Medina-Torres. 2008. Fenología del aguacate `Hass´en el clima semicálido de Nayarit. Rev. Chapingo Ser. Horticultura 14(3): 319-324.
2. Delgado, O.F., C. García-Bonilla, M. Vargas-Sandoval, J.J. Ayala-Ortega, M.B.N. Lara- Chávez, M.D.C. Arias-Valencia y M. Gutiérrez-Contreras. 2015. Distribución geográfica de Bruggmanniella perseae (Diptera: Cecidomyidae) en la franja aguacatera de Michoacán, México. 135. En: Memorias del V Congreso Latinoamericano del Aguacate, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México. pp.94-101.
3. Folmer, O., M. Black, W. Hoeh, R. Lutz y R. Vrijenhoek. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from divise metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3(5): 294-299.
4. Gagné, R.J. 1994. The gall midges of the Neotropical region. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, New York.352p.
5. Gagné, R.J., F. Posada y Z.N. Gil. 2004. A new species of Bruggmanniella (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) aborting young fruit avocado, Persea americana (Lauraceae), in Colombia and Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, D. C. 106(3): 547-553.
6. García-Escamilla, P., E. Hernández-Castro, J.A. Mora-Aguilera, Y. Durán-Trujillo y A. Monteón-Ojeda. 2024. Detection of Bruggmanniella perseae in Hass avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) in Morelos, México. Agro Productividad 17(12): 197-202.
7. García, C.DA., C.J.E. Lamas y M.V. Urso-Guimarães. 2020. Análisis cladístico del género Bruggmanniella Tavares (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini) con inferencias evolutivas sobre la asociación planta huésped-inductor de agallas y descripción de una nueva especie brasileña. Plos ONE 15(2).
8. Ghimire, R., A. Dhakal, S.S. Karkee y S. Acharya. 2024. Impacto de la altitud en la presencia de plagas de insectos en huertos de mandarina (Citrus reticulata Blanco) en el distrito de Jajarkot. Nepalese Horticulture 18(1): 18-28.
9. Hall, T.A. 1999. BioEdit. A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95-98.
10. Hebert, P.D.N., A. Cywinska, S.L. Ball, y J.R. De-Waard. 2003. Biological identification through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of The Royal Society B 270: 313-321.
11. INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía). 2022. Anuario estadístico y geográfico por entidad federativa. https://www.inegi.org.mx/ (consulta de mayo de 2025).
12. Kimura, M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16(2): 111-120.
13. Laureano, A.B., R.O. Hernández, M.A. Equihua, S.M. Pérez, D.E. Martínez y V.B. Rodríguez. 2022. Bruggmanniella perseae Gagné afecta a la fruta del aguacate en el estado de México, México, Southwestern Entomologist 47(2): 443-448.
14. Lin, S.F., M.M. Yang y M. Tokuda. 2019. Leaf gall polymorphism and molecular phylogeny of a new Bruggmanniella species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini) associated with Litsea acuminata (Lauraceae) in Taiwan, with ecological comparisons and a species description. Entomological Science 23(1): 10-22.
15. Lin, S.F., M.M. Yang y M. Tokuda. 2020. Molecular phylogeny revealing the single origin of Cinnamomum - associated Bruggmanniella (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Asia, with descriptions of three new and one newly recorded species from Taiwan. Zoological Studies. pp. 59-66.
16. Maia, V.C., G.W. Fernandes y L.A. Oliveira. 2010. Una nueva especie de Bruggmanniella (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini) asociada a Daliocarpusdentatus (Dilleniaceae) en Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomología 54(2): 225-228.
17. SIAP (Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera). 2024. Anuario Estadístico de la Producción Agrícola. Aguacate. https://n9.cl/pcypbs (Consulta abril, 2025).
18. SENASICA (Servicio Nacional de Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria). 2025. https://n9.cl/e0pbw (Consulta junio, 2025).
19. Tamura, K., D. Peterson, N. Peterson, G. Stecher, M. Nei y S. Kumar. 2011. MEGA5: Análisis de genética evolutiva molecular mediante métodos de máxima verosimilitud, distancia evolutiva y máxima parsimonia. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28(10): 2731-2739.
20. Tokuda, M. y J. Yukawa. 2006. First Records of Genus Bruggmanniella (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini) from Palaeartic and Oriental Regions, with Descriptions of Two New Species That Induce Stem Galls on Lauraceae in Japan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99(4): 629-673.
21. Zhang, D.X. y G.M. Hewitt. 1996. Nuclear integrations: challenge for mitochondrial DNA markers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11(6): 247-251.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Flavio Reynaga-Villa, Agustín Robles-Bermúdez, Octavio J. Cambero-Campos, Mario O. Estrada-Virgen, Gregorio Luna-Esquivel, Eric R. Jacobo-Macías
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The opinions expressed by the authors not necesarily reflect the position of the publisher or UCLA. The total or partial reproduction of the texts published in this journal is authorized, as long as the complete source and the electronic address of this journal is cited. Authors can publish the final version of their work on internet or any other medium, after it has been published in this journal.
Bioagro reserves the right to make textual modifications and technical adjustments to the figures of the manuscripts, in accordance with the style and specifications of the journal.
