Arterial hypertension and social loneliness in an older population from 55 years and older. Barquisimeto, Venezuela
Keywords:
Elderly, arterial hypertension, social loneliness, ESTE IIAbstract
Social loneliness has been shown to be closely related to the health status of the population. The present research assessed the prevalence of arterial hypertension and its association with the perception of social loneliness in residents over 55 years of age in the Antonio Carrillo community. In this regard, an analytical prevalence study, 92 people were studied as population, the previous diagnosis of arterial hypertension was asked, blood pressure was measured, and the data collection tool ESTE II was subsequently applied. It was found that, in the population over 55 years of age, according to the general characteristics of the population, the female sex predominated (63%); in addition, the majority of the habitants were between the ages of 55 and 64 (52.2%); according to marital status, married residents prevailed (41.3%); with regard to education, the majority of the population underwent incomplete primary education (24%) and in regards of the inactivity by the unemployment situation (76.1%). 65.2 % of the population was found to be hypertensive, and in terms of the perception of social loneliness, 68.5% of the population was found to have the same conditions. As in fact, when the association between blood pressure and the perception of social loneliness was made, it was specified that 68.3% of the habitants with perception of social loneliness were hypertensive (p>0.05).
Downloads
References
2. Chobanian A, Bakris G, Black H, Cushman W, Green L, Izzo J, et al. Seventh Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003 Dec;42(6):1206-52.
3. Bangalore S, Gong Y, Cooper-DeHoff R, Pepine C, Messerli F. Eighth Joint National Committee Panel
Recommendation for Blood Pressure Targets Revisited. Results from the INVEST Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Aug;64(8):784-793.
4. Maicas C, Fernández E, Alcalá J, Hernández P, Rodríguez L. Etiología y fisiopatología de la hipertensión arterial esencial. Monocardio. 2003;5(3):141-160.
5. Steptoe A, Owen N, Kunz-Ebrecht S, Brydon L. Loneliness and neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and inflammatory stress responses in middle-aged men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004 June;29(5):593-611.
6. Cacioppo J, Hawkley L, Crawford L, Ernst J, Burleson M, Kowalewski R. Loneliness and health: Potential mechanisms. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2002;64(3):407-417.
7. Ning X, Huige L. Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Cardiovascular Health. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2018;28(9):837–851.
8. Cacioppo J, Cacioppo S, Capitanio J, Cole S. The neuroendocrinology of social isolation. Annu Rev Psychol. 2015;3(66):733-67.
9. Patterson A, Veenstra, G. Loneliness and risk of mortality: A longitudinal investigation in Alameda County, California. Social Science & Medicine. 2010;71(1):181-186.
10. Obisesan T. Among elderly men, feelings of loneliness are associated with increased 10-year mortality risk, independent of social isolation and medical and psychiatric conditions. Evidence-based Nursing. 2012;16(2):66-67.
11. Cacioppo J, Cacioppo S. The growing problem of loneliness. The Lancet. 2018;391(10119):426.
12. Hakulinen C, Elovainio M, Pulkki-Raback L, Virtanen M, Josefsson K, Jokela M. Contribution of risk factors to excess mortality in isolated and lonely individuals: an analysis of data from the UK Biobank cohort study. The Lancet. 2017;2(6):260-266.
13. Mayer R. [Página principal en Internet]. Argentina: Intramed; c2016 [actualizado ene 2016; citado 13 Feb 2019]. La soledad como objeto de estudio científico; [aprox. 3 pantallas]. Disponible en: https://www.intramed.net/contenidover. asp?contenidoID=88422
14. Cortes H. La soledad, ¿una epidemia moderna?. El Colombiano. 03 de febrero de 2018. Sección: Salud. Página 4.
15. López D, Del Río F, Ruiz A. Análisis Psicométrico de la Escala de Soledad de UCLA (Versión 3) en una muestra de guardias civiles. Apuntes de psicología. 2014;32(3):289-294.
16. Rubio M, Alexandre M. Un estudio sobre la soledad en las personas mayores: entre estar solo y sentirse solo. Multidisciplinar de Gerontología. 2001;11:23-28.
17. Álvarez S. El hombre y su soledad: una introducción a la ética. 1a ed. España: Editorial Sígueme; 1983. 64-82.
18. Weiss R. Loneliness: the experience of emotional and social isolation. 1st ed. Cambridge Mass: M.I.T Press; 1973. 22-25.
19. Stokes J. The relation of social network and individual difference variables to loneliness. J PersSocPsychol. 1985;48(4):981-990.
20. Aartsen M, Jylhä M, Eur J. Onset of loneliness in older adults: results of a 28-year prospective study. European Journal of Ageing. 2011;8(1):31-38.
21. Pinquart M, Sörensen S. Influences on loneliness in older adults: a meta-analysis. Basic ApplSoc Psych. 2001;23(4):245–266.
22. Holt-Lunstad J, Smith T, Baker M, Harris T, Stephenson D. Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2015 Mar;10(2):227-37.
23. Rubio R, Pinel M. La soledad en los mayores españoles. Una alternativa de solución en la escala ESTE. IMSERSO. Granada. 2009. [citado 13 Feb2019]. Disponible en: http://envejecimiento.csic.es/documentos/documentos/rubio-soledad-este2.pdf
24. Rubio R, Rico A. La Escala “ESTE”, un indicador objetivo de soledad en la tercera edad. Geriátrika. 1999;15(9):26-35. Disponible en: http://envejecimiento.csic.es/documentos/ documentos/rubio-soledad-02.pdf [Citado 12 Feb 2019].
25. Cardona J, Villamil M, Henao E, Quintero A. Validación de la escala “ESTE” de soledad en la población adulta. Invest Educ Enferm. 2010;28(3):416-27.
26. Pinel M, Rubio L, Rubio R. Un Instrumento de Medición de Soledad Social: Escala ESTE II. Universidad de Granada [Internet]. 2009 [Citado 13 Feb 2019] Disponible en: http://envejecimiento.csic.es/documentos/documentos/rubio-soledad-este2.pdf.
27. Hawkley L, Masi C, Berry J, Cacioppo J. Loneliness is a unique predictor of age-related differences in systolic blood pressure. Psychology and Aging. 2006;21(1):152-164.
28. Thurston R, Kubzansky L. Women, Loneliness, and Incident Coronary Heart Disease. Psychosom Med. 2009;71(8):836-842.
29. Hawkley L, Thisted R, Masi C, Cacioppo J. Loneliness predicts increased blood pressure: 5-year cross-lagged analyses in middle-aged and older adults. Psychology and Aging. 2010;25(1):132-141.
30. Abolfathi Y, Tengku A, Suraya Y, Rahimah I, SenTyng C, et al. Loneliness as a Risk Factor for Hypertension in Later Life. Journal of Aging and Health. 2012;24(4):696–710.
31. Anil R, Prasad K, Puttaswamy M. The prevalence of loneliness and its determinants among geriatric population in Bengaluru City, Karnataka, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016;3(3):246-251.
32. Fullerton C, Arteaga M, Barnet N, Barrios D, Burgos I, González M, et al. Prevalencia y niveles de soledad en adultos mayores asistentes a actividades de la municipalidad de Vitacura. Gaceta de Psiquiatría Universitaria. 2017;13(3):312-318.
33. Polack, E. New Cigna Study Reveals Loneliness at Epidemic Levels in America [Internet]. USA: Cigna, a Global Health Insurance and Health Service Company; 2018 [citado 1 marzo 2019]. Disponible en: https://www.cigna.com/newsroom/news-releases/2018/new-cigna-study-reveals-loneliness-at-epidemic-levels-in-america
34. El Nacional. Una de cada tres personas en Venezuela es hipertensa
[Internet]. Venezuela: El Nacional; 2007 [citado 24 marzo 2019]. Disponible en: http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/salud/una-cada-tres-personas-venezuela-hipertensa_192521#
35. Deutsche Welle. ONU: Número de inmigrantes venezolanos se eleva a 4 millones [Internet]. Venezuela: Deutsche Welle; 2019 [Citado 16 feb 2019]. Disponible en: https://p.dw.com/p/3DsVJ
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Derechos del/de autor/es a partir del año de publicación
Esta obra está bajo la licencia:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Las opiniones expresadas por los autores no necesariamente reflejan la postura del editor de la publicación ni de la UCLA. Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de los textos aquí publicados, siempre y cuando se cite la fuente completa y la dirección electrónica de esta revista. Los autores(as) tienen el derecho de utilizar sus artículos para cualquier propósito siempre y cuando se realice sin fines de lucro. Los autores(as) pueden publicar en internet o cualquier otro medio la versión final aprobada de su trabajo, luego que esta ha sido publicada en esta revista.
