Cardiac function determined by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in a cohort of venezuelans copd patients
Keywords:
Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive, gender and health, respiratory function tests, cardiac function tests, echocardiography, cardiovascular diseasesAbstract
COPD and cardiovascular diseases represent the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The aim of this study was to describe cardiac function through two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in a group of Venezuelans COPD patients. Average age of patients was 66.7 ± 0.9 years; 60.7% were male and 82% were smokers. Group B male patients showed larger mass, left ventricle final systolic volume and E/Em ratio in comparison to patients from other groups although all values were normal; 92% had normal systolic function and 40.7% had diastolic dysfunction. Female patients from groups B and D showed larger mass and left ventricle final systolic volume; 97% had normal systolic function and 45.7% had diastolic dysfunction. In general, patients from B and D groups showed a tricuspid E/A value suggestive of right ventricle relaxation impairment. COPD affects predominantly mass and left ventricle final systolic volume as well as relaxation of the right ventricle in patients from group B. In COPD patients with relatively stable lung function but with persistent respiratory symptoms, prompt cardiovascular evaluation could detect pathologies that may impact this group morbidity and mortality.
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References
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31. Mishra U, Gantayat C. Left ventricular dysfunction in COPD with or without cor pulmonale. J Evid Based Med Healthc 2018; 5(2): 194-197.
32. Wang T, Evans J, Benjamin E, Levy D, LeRoy E, Vasan R. Natural History of Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in the Community. Circulation 2003; 108(8): 977-982.
33. van Riet E, Hoes W, Wagenaar K, Limburg A, Landman M, Rutten F. Epidemiology of heart failure: the prevalence of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction in older adults over time. A systematic review. European Journal of Heart Failure 2016; 18: 242-252.
34. Alter P, Watz H, Kahnert K, Pfeiffer M, Randerath W, Andreas S, et al. Airway obstruction and lung hyperinflation in COPD are linked to an impaired left ventricular diastolic filling. Respiratory Medicine 2018; 137: 14-22.
35. López-Sánchez M, Muñoz-Esquerre M, Huertas D, González-Costello J, Ribas J, Manresa F, et al. High prevalence of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in severe COPD associated with a low exercise capacity: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(6): e68034.
36. Cargill R, Kiely D, Lipworth B. Adverse effects of hypoxaemia on diastolic filling in humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 1995; 89: 165-1669.
37. Funk G-C, Lang I, Schenk P, Valipour A, Hartl S, Burghuber O. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With COPD in the Presence and Absence of Elevated Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. Chest 2008; 133(6); 1354-1359.
38. Rudski L, Lai W, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher M, Chandrasekaran K, et al. Guías para la evaluación ecocardiográfica de cavidades derechas en el adulto; un reporte de la Asociación Americana de Ecocardiografía aprobada por la Asociación Europea de Ecocardiografía, una filial registrada de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología, y la Sociedad Canadiense de Ecocardiografía. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010; 23: 685-713.
39. Dusser D, Wise R, Dahl R, Anzueto A, Carter K, Fowler A, et al. Differences in outcomes between GOLD groups in patients with COPD in the TIOSPIR® trial. International Journal of COPD 2016; 11: 133-145.
40. Lange P, Mogelvang R, Marott J, Vestbo J, Jensen J. Cardiovascular morbidity in COPD: a study of general population. COPD 7: 5-10, 2011.
41. Brekke P, Omland T, Smith P, Søyseth V. Underdiagnosis of myocardial infarction in COPD - Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) in patients hospitalised for COPD exacerbation. Respir Med 102: 1243-1247, 2008.
42. Ohgiya M, Matsui H, Tamura A, Kato T, Akagawa S, Ohta K. The evaluation of interstitial abnormalities in group B of the 2011 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Intern Med 2017; 56: 2711-17.
43. Santeliz J. Estudio comparativo de la estadificación de pacientes con EPOC según GOLD 2007, 2011 y 2019. Rev Chil Enferm Respir 2019; 35: 173-180.
2. Meneses A, Pérez R, Jardim Jr, Muiño A, López M, Valdivia G. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five Latin American cities. Lancet 2005; 366: 1875- 1881.
3. Félix E. Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC). Acta Med Per 2009; 26(4): 188-191.
4. Smith M, Wrogel J. Epidemiology and clinical impact of major comorbidities in patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9: 871-888.
5. Chen W, Thomas J, Sadatsafavi M, FitzGerald J. Risk of cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med 2015; 3(8): 631-9.
6. Yin H, Yin S, Lin Q, Xu Y, Xu H, Liu T. Prevalence of comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96(19): e6836.
7. Rabe K, Hurst J, Suissa S. Cardiovascular disease and COPD: dangerous liaisons? Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27: 180057.
8. Watz H, Waschki B, Meyer T, Kretschmar G, Kirsten A, Claussen M, et al. Decreasing cardiac chamber sizes and associated heart dysfunction in COPD: role of hyperinflation. Chest 2010; 138(1): 32-38.
9. Vivodtzev I, Tamisier R, Baguet J, Borel J, Levy P, Pépin J. Arterial stiffness in COPD. Chest 2014; 145(4): 861-875.
10. Trinkmann F, Saur J, Borggrefe M, Akin I. Cardiovascular comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-current considerations for clinical practice. J Clin Med 2019; 8: 69-83.
11. Vestbo J, Hurd S, Agusti A, Jones P, Vogelmeier C, Anzueto A, et al. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187: 347-365.
12. Miller M, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, et al. Standardization of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 319–338.
13. Wanger J, Clausen J, Coates A, Pedersen O, Brusasco V, Burgos F, et al. Standardization of the measurement of lung volumes. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 511–522.
14. Macintyre N, Crapo R, Viegi G, Johnson D, Van der Griten C, Brusasco V, et al. Standardization of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 720-35.
15. Celli B, Cote C, Marin J, Casanova C, Montes de Oca M, Méndez R, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1005-1012.
16. Bestall J, Paul E, Garrod R, Garnham R, Jones P, Wedzicha J. Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999; 54: 581-586.
17. Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease [Internet]. Fontana, WI; 2020 [citado 2020 Sept. 26]; Disponible en: https://goldcopd.org/wpcontent/uploads/ 2020/03/GOLD-2020-POCKET-GUIDE-ver1.0_FINAL-WMV.pdf
18. Lang R, Badano L, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28:1-39.
19. Luke P, Eggett C, Spyridopoulos I, Irvine T. A comparative analysis of British and American Society of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function. Echo Research and Practice 2018; 5(4): 139-147.
20. Brassington K, Selemidis S, Bozinovski S, Vlahos R. New frontiers in the treatment of comorbid cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinical Science 2019; 133: 885-904.
21. Lung Health Study Research Group, Wise R, Connett J, Weinmann G, Scanlon P, Skeans M. Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Eng J Med 2000; 343(26): 1902-9.
22. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants. Lancet. 2017; 389:37-55.
23. Mahishale V, Angadi N, Metgudmath V, Eti A, Lolly M, Khan S. Prevalence and impact of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: A hospital-based cross section study. J Transl Int Med 2015; 3(4): 155-160.
24. Mannino D, Thorn D, Swensen A, Holguin F. Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COPD. Eur Respir J 2008; 962-969.
25. Infante E, Finizola R, Alvarado-Orellana S, Zeballos J, Moya D, Finizola B. Prevalencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares en el Estado Lara, Venezuela, en el año 2008. Avances Cardiol 2012; 32(3): 234-241.
26. Hernández-Hernández R, Silva H, Velasco M, Pellegrini F, Macchia A, Escobedo J, et al. Hypertension in Seven Latin American Cities: The Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America (CARMELA) Study. J Hypertens 2010; 28(1): 24-34.
27. Vasan R, Xanthakis V, Lyass A, Andersson C, Tsao C, Cheng S, et al. Epidemiology of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in the Framingham study. JACC: Cardiovascular imaging 2018; 11(1): 1-11.
28. Yeboah J, Rodríguez C, Stacey B, Lima J, Liu S, Carr J, et al. Prognosis of individuals with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation 2013; 126(23): 2713-2719.
29. Rutten F, Cramer M-J, Lammers J-W, Grobbee D, Hoes A. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an ignored combination? European Journal of Heart Failure 2006; 8: 706-711.
30. Freixa J, Portillo K, Paré C, García-Aymerich J, Gómez F, Benet M, et al. Echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with COPD at their first hospital admission. Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 784-791.
31. Mishra U, Gantayat C. Left ventricular dysfunction in COPD with or without cor pulmonale. J Evid Based Med Healthc 2018; 5(2): 194-197.
32. Wang T, Evans J, Benjamin E, Levy D, LeRoy E, Vasan R. Natural History of Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in the Community. Circulation 2003; 108(8): 977-982.
33. van Riet E, Hoes W, Wagenaar K, Limburg A, Landman M, Rutten F. Epidemiology of heart failure: the prevalence of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction in older adults over time. A systematic review. European Journal of Heart Failure 2016; 18: 242-252.
34. Alter P, Watz H, Kahnert K, Pfeiffer M, Randerath W, Andreas S, et al. Airway obstruction and lung hyperinflation in COPD are linked to an impaired left ventricular diastolic filling. Respiratory Medicine 2018; 137: 14-22.
35. López-Sánchez M, Muñoz-Esquerre M, Huertas D, González-Costello J, Ribas J, Manresa F, et al. High prevalence of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in severe COPD associated with a low exercise capacity: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(6): e68034.
36. Cargill R, Kiely D, Lipworth B. Adverse effects of hypoxaemia on diastolic filling in humans. Clin Sci (Lond) 1995; 89: 165-1669.
37. Funk G-C, Lang I, Schenk P, Valipour A, Hartl S, Burghuber O. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With COPD in the Presence and Absence of Elevated Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. Chest 2008; 133(6); 1354-1359.
38. Rudski L, Lai W, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher M, Chandrasekaran K, et al. Guías para la evaluación ecocardiográfica de cavidades derechas en el adulto; un reporte de la Asociación Americana de Ecocardiografía aprobada por la Asociación Europea de Ecocardiografía, una filial registrada de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología, y la Sociedad Canadiense de Ecocardiografía. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010; 23: 685-713.
39. Dusser D, Wise R, Dahl R, Anzueto A, Carter K, Fowler A, et al. Differences in outcomes between GOLD groups in patients with COPD in the TIOSPIR® trial. International Journal of COPD 2016; 11: 133-145.
40. Lange P, Mogelvang R, Marott J, Vestbo J, Jensen J. Cardiovascular morbidity in COPD: a study of general population. COPD 7: 5-10, 2011.
41. Brekke P, Omland T, Smith P, Søyseth V. Underdiagnosis of myocardial infarction in COPD - Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) in patients hospitalised for COPD exacerbation. Respir Med 102: 1243-1247, 2008.
42. Ohgiya M, Matsui H, Tamura A, Kato T, Akagawa S, Ohta K. The evaluation of interstitial abnormalities in group B of the 2011 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Intern Med 2017; 56: 2711-17.
43. Santeliz J. Estudio comparativo de la estadificación de pacientes con EPOC según GOLD 2007, 2011 y 2019. Rev Chil Enferm Respir 2019; 35: 173-180.
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2021-05-23 — Updated on 2021-07-11
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Cardiac function determined by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in a cohort of venezuelans copd patients. (2021). Revista Venezolana De Salud Pública, 9(1), 2-19. Retrieved from https://revistas.uclave.org/index.php/rvsp/article/view/3236 (Original work published May 23, 2021)
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