Impact of climate change on human health
Keywords:
climate change, human health, emerging diseases, vulnerable factorsAbstract
The objective of this review was to analyze the impact of climate change and its influence on human health, which is why the outbreaks of diseases caused by climate through history, the current behavior of the problem and the actions taken were addressed. should be considered for adaptation and mitigation of adverse effects. The methodology used was the literature search published between 2004 and 2020 through the Google Scholar search engine, where journals archived in PubMed, among others, were analyzed. A matrix of terms was used in various combinations with each other, which made it possible to establish their relationship during the search. This review showed that climate change continues to affect human health, impacting their well-being, adaptability and ability to resist future threats. The modification of natural systems favors the appearance of extreme events such as hurricanes, sunami, droughts, fires, floods, bringing with it the proliferation of pathogens and vectors, generating diseases such as dengue hemorrhagic fever, malaria, increased morbidity and mortality and exacerbation of emerging diseases, so it is suggested the integral management of waste, adoption of good practices in the rational use of electricity, water, and the protection and conservation of natural heritage.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Woodward A, Smith KR, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chadee DD, Honda Y, Liu Q, et al. Climate change and health: on the latest IPCC report. [Online]. London, England, Lancet, 2014. 383(9924), 1185–1189. [cited 2021 July 21]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60576-6.
2. World Health Organitation. Noncommunicable diseases. World Health Organization regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Online].; 2017 [cited 2021 January 20. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases.
3. Portillo Sorto, E. J. Impacto del cambio climático en la salud de El Salvador. Crea Ciencia Revista Científica. [Online]. 2020. [cited 2021 January 22]; 12(2):64–78. Available in: https://doi.org/10.5377/creaciencia.v12i2.10171
4. Watts N, Adger WN, Agnolucci P, Blackstock J, Byass P, Cai W, et al. Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health. The Lancet Commission. [Online].; 2015. [cited 2021 January 22]; 386(10006):1861-1914. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60854-6.
5. Naciones Unidas. La economía del cambio climático en Centroamérica: Síntesis. [Online].; 2012 [cited 2021 septiembre 18]. Available from: https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/publication/files/26123/M20120032.pdf.
6. Malagón-Rojas Jeadran N., Garrote-Wilches Carolina F., Castilla-Bello Paola A. Cambio climático y salud humana: una revisión desde la perspectiva colombiana. Rev Salud, Barranquilla [Internet]. Agosto de 2017. [consultado el 13 de octubre de 2021]; 33 (2): 224-241. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-55522017000200224&lng=en.
7. Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Jiménez-Villamizar M, Pedraza-Álvarez L. Efectos del cambio climático en la salud de la población colombiana. Rev Duazary [Internet]. 2019 mayo [consultado el 13 de octubre de 2021]; 16(2): 319-331. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3186
8. Chen I.-C., J. K. Hill, R. Ohlemüller, D. B. Roy, C. D. Thomas. Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming. Science [Online].; 2011 [cited 2021 Sep-20]; 333:1024-1026. Available from: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/333/6045/1024.
9. Poloczanska E. S. et al. Global imprint of climate change on marine life. Nature Clim. Change [Online]; 2013. [cited 2021 Sep-20]; 3, 919-925. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1958.
10. Lenoir J. and Svenning J.C. Climate-related range shifts - a global multidimensional synthesis and new research directions. Ecography [Online].; 2015 [cited 2021 September 22]; 38:15-28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00967.
11. Ki-Hyun Kim, Ehsanul Kabir & Shamin Ara Jahan. A Review of the Consequences of Global Climate Change on Human Health, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, [Online].; 2014 [cited 2021 September 14]; Part C, 32:3, 299-318. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2014.941279.
12. Cruz Castaño N, Páramo Bernal P. Educación para la mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático en América Latina. educ. [Internet]. 5 de noviembre de 2020 [citado 14 de octubre de 2021]; 23(3):469-8. Disponible en: https://educacionyeducadores.unisabana.edu.co/index.php/eye/article/view/11979
13. Cuadros Cagua TA. El cambio climático y sus implicaciones en la salud humana. Rev Ambydes [Internet]. 30 de junio de 2017 [citado 14 de octubre de 2021];21(40):159-70. Disponible en: https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/ambienteydesarrollo/article/view/20006
14. Hurtado de Barrera, Jacqueline. Metodología de la investigación: guía para una comprensión holística de la ciencia - 4a. ed. - [Internet] Caracas: Quirón Ediciones, 2010. [citado 14 de octubre de 2021]. Disponible en: http://emarketingandresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kupdf.com_j-hurtado-de-barrera-metodologia-de-investigacioacuten-completo-1.pdf
15. McMichael AJ. Insights from past millennia into climatic impacts on human health and survival. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, [Online].; 2012. [cited 2021 Frebruary 20]; 109(13), 4730–4737. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1120177109.
16. López-Goñi I. El origen de la peste en Europa: ¿el cambio climático? Investigación y Ciencia. El rincón de Pasteur. [Online]. 2015. [cited 2021 January 10]. Available from: https://www.investigacionyciencia.es/blogs/medicina-y-biologia/43/posts/el-origen-de-la-peste-en-europa-el-cambio-climtico-12984.
17. Medlock, J. M., & Leach, S. A. Effect of climate change on vector-borne disease risk in the UK. The Lancet. Infectious diseases [Online].; 2015. [cited 2021 September 20]; 15(6), 721–730. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70091-5.
18. Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Jiménez-Villamizar M, Pedraza-Álvarez L. Efectos del cambio climático en la salud de la población colombiana. Rev Duazary. [Online].; 2019 [cited 2021 February 20]; 15(6), 721–730. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3186.
19. Favier Torres MA, Chi Ceballos M, Dehesa González LM, Veranes Dutil M.. Efectos del cambio climático en la salud. Rev Inf Cient [Online].; 2019. [cited 2021 February 20]; 98(2):[aprox. 10 p.]. Available from: http://www.revinfcientifica.sld.cu/index.php/ric/article/view/2276.
20. Kuri, P., Guzmán, E., De La Paz, E. y Salas, A. Enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes. Gaceta Médica de México, [Online] 2015. [cited 2021 February 20]; (151), 674-680. Available from: http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/gaceta/gm-2015/gm155q.pdf
21. Kravchenko J, Abernethy AP, Fawzy M, Lyerly HK. Minimization of heatwave morbidity and mortality. American journal of preventive medicine [Online] 2013. [cited 2021 February 22]; 44(3):274-82. Available from: https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(12)00878-1/fulltext
22. Wehner M, Castillo F, and Dáithí Stone. The Impact of Moisture and Temperature on Human Health in Heat Waves Health Impacts, Extreme Temperatures Online Publication. [Online] 2017 [cited 2021 February 22]; Available from: DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.5
23. Rossati A. Global Warming and Its Health Impact. Int J Occup Environ Med. [Online] 2017 [cited 2021 February 21]; 8:7-20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2017.963
24. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los riesgos climáticos para la salud son cada vez mayores, pero falta priorizar fondos para proteger la salud humana frente al cambio climático. [Online]. 2019. [cited 2021 February 21]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/03-12-2019-climate-risks-to-health-are-growing-but-prioritized-funding-lacking-to-safeguard-human-health-from-climate-change.
25. Villegas Álvarez, Eunice Díaz de, Castillo Menéndez, María Dolores, Sabatés Martínez, Manuel, Curbelo Alonso, Marlene, Ramos Viera, Niurka. Radiación ultravioleta. Fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo. MediSur [Online].; 2005. [cited 2021 January 12]; 3(1):14-33. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180020172002.
26. Veliz Rojas LH & Bianchetti Saavedra AF. Cambio climático y salud pública: acciones desde la institucionalidad en el escenario sociocultural actual. Rev Costarr Salud Pública [Online].; 2013. [cited 2021 January 12]; 22:163-168. Available from: http://repositorio.unab.cl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/ria/965/V%c3%a9liz_Cambio_clim%c3%a1tico_y_salud.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
27. Lam-Vivanco A, Espinoza-Carrión F, Santos Luna J, García-González C. ncidencia de cáncer de piel en población de Machala, Ecuador. //Incidence of lean cancer in the population of Machala, Ecuador. CU [Online]. 2018. [cited 2021 January 12]; 11(27):78-6. Available from: http://ojs.unemi.edu.ec/index.php/cienciaunemi/article/view/783.
28. Álvarez Castillo A, Rodríguez Alfaro JM, Salas Boza A. Revisión sistemática del carcinoma basocelular. Rev.méd.sinerg. [Online].; 2020. [cited 2021 January 15]; 5(5):e483. Available from: https://revistamedicasinergia.com/index.php/rms/article/view/483.
29. Naciones Unidas. El cambio climático amenaza nuestros océanos. [Online].; 2017. [cited 2021 January 11]. Available from: https://www.un.org/es/chronicle/article/el-cambio-climatico-amenaza-nuestros-oceanos
30. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Global warming of 1.5°C. ISBN 978-92-9169-151-7. [Online]. 2018. [cited 2021 January 11]. Available from: https://report.ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf.
31. Sánchez, C. Evolución del concepto de cambio climático y su impacto en la salud pública del Perú. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, [Online]. 2016. [cited 2021 January 12]; 33(1),128-138. Available from: http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rpmesp/v33n1/1726-4642-rpmesp-33-01-00128.pdf
32. Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) [Online]. El cambio climático y sus efectos se aceleran. Disponible en: https://public.wmo.int/es/media/comunicados-de-prensa/el-cambio-clim%C3%A1tico-y-sus-efectos-se-aceleran
33. Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. [Online]. Impactos del Cambio Climático en la Salud: Resumen Ejecutivo. Madrid. Disponible en: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/ciudadanos/saludAmbLaboral/docs/CCResumen_ESP.pdf
34. Hu Zhuang y Yujuan Bai. Conf. Ser .: Earth Environ [Online]. 2019 [cited 2021 January 12]; IOP Sci. 300 032111. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/300/3/032111
35. Sikora - Fernández, Dorota, Factores de desarrollo de las ciudades inteligentes. Revista Universitaria de Geografía [Internet]. 2017 [consultado el 06 de julio 2021];26(1):135-152. Recuperado de: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=383252125007
36. Álvarez-Vergnani Carolina. Participación ciudadana: retos para una ciudadanía activa ante el cambio climático. Cuadernos de Investigación UNED [Online]. 2019 Mar [cited 2021 Oct 10]; 11(1):78-88. Available from: http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42662019000100078&lng=en.
37. Cajina-Pérez, L. Importancia de la Educación para la Salud en currículo educativo. Revista Electrónica de Conocimientos, Saberes y Prácticas [Online]. 2020 [cited 2021 January 12]; 3(1), 170-180. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5377/recsp.v3i1.9799
38. United States Environmental Protection Agency [Online]. Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion. [cited 2021 January 20]. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/health-and-environmental-effects-ozone-layer-depletion
39. Andersen, S. and Sarma, M. Protecting the Ozone Layer. The United Nations History. Virginia. Earthscan Publicatios Ltd. 2002.
40. Wargent, J.J. and Jordan, B.R. From Ozone Depletion to Agriculture: Understanding the Role of UV Radiation in Sustainable Crop Production. New Phytologist. [Online]. 2013. [cited 2021 January 20]; 197, 1058-1076. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12132
41. Wehner M, Castillo F, and Dáithí Stone. The Impact of Moisture and Temperature on Human Health in Heat Waves Health Impacts, Extreme Temperatures. [Online]. 2017. [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.58
42. Fu-Min R, Trewin B, Brunet M, Dushmanta P, Walter A, Baddour O, Korber M. A research progress review on regional extreme events. Advances in Climate Change Research. [Online]. 2018. [cited 2021 January 22]; 9(3);161-169. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2018.08.001
43. Mannucci PM, Sergio Harari, Ida Martinelli, Massimo Franchin. Effects on health of air pollution: a narrative review. Intern Emerg Med [Online]. 2015 [cited 2021 January 21]; (6):657-62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26134027/
44. Rossati A. Global Warming and Its Health Impact. Int J Occup Environ Med. [Online]. 2017 [cited 2021 January 21]; 8(1):7-20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2017.963
45. El-Kady Ahmed A, Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad. Occurrence of trace metals in foodstuffs and their health impact. Trends in Food Science & Technology [Online]. 2018 [cited 2021 January 14]; Volume 75:36-45. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.03.001
46. Ziska L, Knowlton K, Rogers C, Dalan D, Tierney N. Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America. PNAS [Online]. 8 March 2011 [cited 2021 January 18]; 108(10):4248-4251. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1014107108
2. World Health Organitation. Noncommunicable diseases. World Health Organization regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Online].; 2017 [cited 2021 January 20. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases.
3. Portillo Sorto, E. J. Impacto del cambio climático en la salud de El Salvador. Crea Ciencia Revista Científica. [Online]. 2020. [cited 2021 January 22]; 12(2):64–78. Available in: https://doi.org/10.5377/creaciencia.v12i2.10171
4. Watts N, Adger WN, Agnolucci P, Blackstock J, Byass P, Cai W, et al. Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health. The Lancet Commission. [Online].; 2015. [cited 2021 January 22]; 386(10006):1861-1914. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60854-6.
5. Naciones Unidas. La economía del cambio climático en Centroamérica: Síntesis. [Online].; 2012 [cited 2021 septiembre 18]. Available from: https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/publication/files/26123/M20120032.pdf.
6. Malagón-Rojas Jeadran N., Garrote-Wilches Carolina F., Castilla-Bello Paola A. Cambio climático y salud humana: una revisión desde la perspectiva colombiana. Rev Salud, Barranquilla [Internet]. Agosto de 2017. [consultado el 13 de octubre de 2021]; 33 (2): 224-241. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-55522017000200224&lng=en.
7. Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Jiménez-Villamizar M, Pedraza-Álvarez L. Efectos del cambio climático en la salud de la población colombiana. Rev Duazary [Internet]. 2019 mayo [consultado el 13 de octubre de 2021]; 16(2): 319-331. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3186
8. Chen I.-C., J. K. Hill, R. Ohlemüller, D. B. Roy, C. D. Thomas. Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming. Science [Online].; 2011 [cited 2021 Sep-20]; 333:1024-1026. Available from: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/333/6045/1024.
9. Poloczanska E. S. et al. Global imprint of climate change on marine life. Nature Clim. Change [Online]; 2013. [cited 2021 Sep-20]; 3, 919-925. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1958.
10. Lenoir J. and Svenning J.C. Climate-related range shifts - a global multidimensional synthesis and new research directions. Ecography [Online].; 2015 [cited 2021 September 22]; 38:15-28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00967.
11. Ki-Hyun Kim, Ehsanul Kabir & Shamin Ara Jahan. A Review of the Consequences of Global Climate Change on Human Health, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, [Online].; 2014 [cited 2021 September 14]; Part C, 32:3, 299-318. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2014.941279.
12. Cruz Castaño N, Páramo Bernal P. Educación para la mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático en América Latina. educ. [Internet]. 5 de noviembre de 2020 [citado 14 de octubre de 2021]; 23(3):469-8. Disponible en: https://educacionyeducadores.unisabana.edu.co/index.php/eye/article/view/11979
13. Cuadros Cagua TA. El cambio climático y sus implicaciones en la salud humana. Rev Ambydes [Internet]. 30 de junio de 2017 [citado 14 de octubre de 2021];21(40):159-70. Disponible en: https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/ambienteydesarrollo/article/view/20006
14. Hurtado de Barrera, Jacqueline. Metodología de la investigación: guía para una comprensión holística de la ciencia - 4a. ed. - [Internet] Caracas: Quirón Ediciones, 2010. [citado 14 de octubre de 2021]. Disponible en: http://emarketingandresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kupdf.com_j-hurtado-de-barrera-metodologia-de-investigacioacuten-completo-1.pdf
15. McMichael AJ. Insights from past millennia into climatic impacts on human health and survival. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, [Online].; 2012. [cited 2021 Frebruary 20]; 109(13), 4730–4737. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1120177109.
16. López-Goñi I. El origen de la peste en Europa: ¿el cambio climático? Investigación y Ciencia. El rincón de Pasteur. [Online]. 2015. [cited 2021 January 10]. Available from: https://www.investigacionyciencia.es/blogs/medicina-y-biologia/43/posts/el-origen-de-la-peste-en-europa-el-cambio-climtico-12984.
17. Medlock, J. M., & Leach, S. A. Effect of climate change on vector-borne disease risk in the UK. The Lancet. Infectious diseases [Online].; 2015. [cited 2021 September 20]; 15(6), 721–730. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70091-5.
18. Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Jiménez-Villamizar M, Pedraza-Álvarez L. Efectos del cambio climático en la salud de la población colombiana. Rev Duazary. [Online].; 2019 [cited 2021 February 20]; 15(6), 721–730. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3186.
19. Favier Torres MA, Chi Ceballos M, Dehesa González LM, Veranes Dutil M.. Efectos del cambio climático en la salud. Rev Inf Cient [Online].; 2019. [cited 2021 February 20]; 98(2):[aprox. 10 p.]. Available from: http://www.revinfcientifica.sld.cu/index.php/ric/article/view/2276.
20. Kuri, P., Guzmán, E., De La Paz, E. y Salas, A. Enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes. Gaceta Médica de México, [Online] 2015. [cited 2021 February 20]; (151), 674-680. Available from: http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/gaceta/gm-2015/gm155q.pdf
21. Kravchenko J, Abernethy AP, Fawzy M, Lyerly HK. Minimization of heatwave morbidity and mortality. American journal of preventive medicine [Online] 2013. [cited 2021 February 22]; 44(3):274-82. Available from: https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(12)00878-1/fulltext
22. Wehner M, Castillo F, and Dáithí Stone. The Impact of Moisture and Temperature on Human Health in Heat Waves Health Impacts, Extreme Temperatures Online Publication. [Online] 2017 [cited 2021 February 22]; Available from: DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.5
23. Rossati A. Global Warming and Its Health Impact. Int J Occup Environ Med. [Online] 2017 [cited 2021 February 21]; 8:7-20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2017.963
24. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los riesgos climáticos para la salud son cada vez mayores, pero falta priorizar fondos para proteger la salud humana frente al cambio climático. [Online]. 2019. [cited 2021 February 21]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/03-12-2019-climate-risks-to-health-are-growing-but-prioritized-funding-lacking-to-safeguard-human-health-from-climate-change.
25. Villegas Álvarez, Eunice Díaz de, Castillo Menéndez, María Dolores, Sabatés Martínez, Manuel, Curbelo Alonso, Marlene, Ramos Viera, Niurka. Radiación ultravioleta. Fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo. MediSur [Online].; 2005. [cited 2021 January 12]; 3(1):14-33. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180020172002.
26. Veliz Rojas LH & Bianchetti Saavedra AF. Cambio climático y salud pública: acciones desde la institucionalidad en el escenario sociocultural actual. Rev Costarr Salud Pública [Online].; 2013. [cited 2021 January 12]; 22:163-168. Available from: http://repositorio.unab.cl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/ria/965/V%c3%a9liz_Cambio_clim%c3%a1tico_y_salud.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
27. Lam-Vivanco A, Espinoza-Carrión F, Santos Luna J, García-González C. ncidencia de cáncer de piel en población de Machala, Ecuador. //Incidence of lean cancer in the population of Machala, Ecuador. CU [Online]. 2018. [cited 2021 January 12]; 11(27):78-6. Available from: http://ojs.unemi.edu.ec/index.php/cienciaunemi/article/view/783.
28. Álvarez Castillo A, Rodríguez Alfaro JM, Salas Boza A. Revisión sistemática del carcinoma basocelular. Rev.méd.sinerg. [Online].; 2020. [cited 2021 January 15]; 5(5):e483. Available from: https://revistamedicasinergia.com/index.php/rms/article/view/483.
29. Naciones Unidas. El cambio climático amenaza nuestros océanos. [Online].; 2017. [cited 2021 January 11]. Available from: https://www.un.org/es/chronicle/article/el-cambio-climatico-amenaza-nuestros-oceanos
30. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Global warming of 1.5°C. ISBN 978-92-9169-151-7. [Online]. 2018. [cited 2021 January 11]. Available from: https://report.ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf.
31. Sánchez, C. Evolución del concepto de cambio climático y su impacto en la salud pública del Perú. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, [Online]. 2016. [cited 2021 January 12]; 33(1),128-138. Available from: http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rpmesp/v33n1/1726-4642-rpmesp-33-01-00128.pdf
32. Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) [Online]. El cambio climático y sus efectos se aceleran. Disponible en: https://public.wmo.int/es/media/comunicados-de-prensa/el-cambio-clim%C3%A1tico-y-sus-efectos-se-aceleran
33. Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. [Online]. Impactos del Cambio Climático en la Salud: Resumen Ejecutivo. Madrid. Disponible en: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/ciudadanos/saludAmbLaboral/docs/CCResumen_ESP.pdf
34. Hu Zhuang y Yujuan Bai. Conf. Ser .: Earth Environ [Online]. 2019 [cited 2021 January 12]; IOP Sci. 300 032111. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/300/3/032111
35. Sikora - Fernández, Dorota, Factores de desarrollo de las ciudades inteligentes. Revista Universitaria de Geografía [Internet]. 2017 [consultado el 06 de julio 2021];26(1):135-152. Recuperado de: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=383252125007
36. Álvarez-Vergnani Carolina. Participación ciudadana: retos para una ciudadanía activa ante el cambio climático. Cuadernos de Investigación UNED [Online]. 2019 Mar [cited 2021 Oct 10]; 11(1):78-88. Available from: http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1659-42662019000100078&lng=en.
37. Cajina-Pérez, L. Importancia de la Educación para la Salud en currículo educativo. Revista Electrónica de Conocimientos, Saberes y Prácticas [Online]. 2020 [cited 2021 January 12]; 3(1), 170-180. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5377/recsp.v3i1.9799
38. United States Environmental Protection Agency [Online]. Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion. [cited 2021 January 20]. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/health-and-environmental-effects-ozone-layer-depletion
39. Andersen, S. and Sarma, M. Protecting the Ozone Layer. The United Nations History. Virginia. Earthscan Publicatios Ltd. 2002.
40. Wargent, J.J. and Jordan, B.R. From Ozone Depletion to Agriculture: Understanding the Role of UV Radiation in Sustainable Crop Production. New Phytologist. [Online]. 2013. [cited 2021 January 20]; 197, 1058-1076. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12132
41. Wehner M, Castillo F, and Dáithí Stone. The Impact of Moisture and Temperature on Human Health in Heat Waves Health Impacts, Extreme Temperatures. [Online]. 2017. [cited 2021 January 25]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.58
42. Fu-Min R, Trewin B, Brunet M, Dushmanta P, Walter A, Baddour O, Korber M. A research progress review on regional extreme events. Advances in Climate Change Research. [Online]. 2018. [cited 2021 January 22]; 9(3);161-169. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2018.08.001
43. Mannucci PM, Sergio Harari, Ida Martinelli, Massimo Franchin. Effects on health of air pollution: a narrative review. Intern Emerg Med [Online]. 2015 [cited 2021 January 21]; (6):657-62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26134027/
44. Rossati A. Global Warming and Its Health Impact. Int J Occup Environ Med. [Online]. 2017 [cited 2021 January 21]; 8(1):7-20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2017.963
45. El-Kady Ahmed A, Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad. Occurrence of trace metals in foodstuffs and their health impact. Trends in Food Science & Technology [Online]. 2018 [cited 2021 January 14]; Volume 75:36-45. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.03.001
46. Ziska L, Knowlton K, Rogers C, Dalan D, Tierney N. Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America. PNAS [Online]. 8 March 2011 [cited 2021 January 18]; 108(10):4248-4251. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1014107108
Published
2021-11-10 — Updated on 2021-11-11
How to Cite
García-Silvera, E. E., Meléndez-Mogollón, I., Berrios-Rivas, A. T., & Pérez, A. (2021). Impact of climate change on human health. Revista Venezolana De Salud Pública, 9(2), 9-18. Retrieved from https://revistas.uclave.org/index.php/rvsp/article/view/3463
Issue
Section
Artículos originales
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Derechos del/de autor/es a partir del año de publicación
Esta obra está bajo la licencia:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Las opiniones expresadas por los autores no necesariamente reflejan la postura del editor de la publicación ni de la UCLA. Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de los textos aquí publicados, siempre y cuando se cite la fuente completa y la dirección electrónica de esta revista. Los autores(as) tienen el derecho de utilizar sus artículos para cualquier propósito siempre y cuando se realice sin fines de lucro. Los autores(as) pueden publicar en internet o cualquier otro medio la versión final aprobada de su trabajo, luego que esta ha sido publicada en esta revista.
