Biofertilization for the production of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) CCN51 graftfor the production of organic chocolate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12787083Keywords:
chocolate, fertilization, safety, organic, sustainabilityAbstract
Current fertilization plans in cocoa crops are based on the use of inorganic fertilizers, which increase costs, risks of soil and water contamination by heavy metals, which is why other options should be considered such as: organic fertilizers, and biofertilizers, which ensure plant growth of plants, reduce costs, risks of contamination and guarantee the production of safe chocolate, which is why the objective of this research was to select the dose and type of biofertilizers or adequate commercial biostimulant in the propagation of grafted plants of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L. ) CCN51. The research was carried out in a commercial nursery, located on the La Troncal - Conchancay road, Canton La Troncal, El Cañal province, applying biofertilizers and biostimulants (Biol and worm humus) in the production of CCN51 grafted cocoa seedlings, in doses of 0, 100, 150, and 250 cc per 10 liters of irrigation water. Its effect on graft height, stem thickness and number of leaves was evaluated. The results show that the best results were obtained after applying a dose of biofertilizers of 150 cc at 30, 60 and 90 days after grafting (DDT), so it is concluded that this dose is the optimum to obtain more seedlings at nursery level, of greater vigor and that in the end will be reflected in an organic chocolate, free of contaminants and of a better price in the international market, in addition to a better price in the international market.
Downloads
References
Vera Raza, B. B., Mero Intriago, R. A., Burgos Briones, G. A., & Cevallos Cedeño, R. E. (2022). Lignocellulosic waste and activated carbon production method. Minerva, 1(Special), 122-130. https://doi.org/10.47460/minerva.v1iSpecial.87
Avilés, C. F. A., Acosta, C. B. C., de los Santos Villalobos, S., Santoyo, G., & Cota, F. I. P. (2022). Caracterización de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (BPCV) nativas y su efecto en el desarrollo del maíz (Zea mays L.). Biotecnia, 24(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i1.1353
Aranda Azaharez, R., Pérez Díaz, A., Bustamante González, C., & Rivera Espinosa, R. (2023). Benefits of local sources of nutrients and mycorrhizal inoculants in micrografts of Theobroma cacao L. Cultivos Tropicales, 44(4), https://cu-id.com/2050/v44n4e03.
Dos Santos, Z. C., Gross, E., de Souza Júnior, J. O., Martins, M. J., Mendes, D. S., Figueiredo, J. C., ... & Ramos, A. (2024). Use of biofertilizers in cocoa (Theobroma cacao): a review. Contribuciones a las ciencias sociales, 17(2), e5171-e5171. https://doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.2-132
Mącik, M., Gryta, A., & Frąc, M. (2020). Biofertilizers in agriculture: An overview on concepts, strategies and effects on soil microorganisms. Advances in agronomy, 162, 31-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2020.02.001
Nurmayulis, N., Sodiq, A. H., Eris, F. R., Hastuti, D., Denny, Y. R., & Susilowati, D. N. (2023). Molecular Identification of Microbes from the Soil Rhizosphere of Cocoa as A Potential Biofertilizer. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 45(1), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v45i1.3840
N'zi, J. C., Koné, I., M'bo, K. A. A., Koné, S., & Kouamé, C. (2023). Successful grafting elite cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao L.) as a function of the age of rootstock. Heliyon, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18732
Roy, A. (2021). Biofertilizers for agricultural sustainability: current status and future challenges. Current Trends in Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture, 525-553. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6949-4_21
Situmorang, N. O., Rai, I. N., & Wiraatmaja, I. W. (2023). Growth and yield responses of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) to fungi arbuscular mycorrhizal biofertilizer prototypes with Different Spore Carrier Media and pruning. Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy, 8(2), 042-048. https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2023.8.2.0029
Teye, E., Anyidoho, E., Agbemafle, R., Sam-Amoah, L. K., & Elliott, C. (2020). Cocoa bean and cocoa bean products quality evaluation by NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics: A review. Infrared Physics & Technology, 104, 103127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2019.103127
Tovar, M. D. L., Guzman, J. A., Ramirez, L. E., & Garcia, J. (2022). Architecture of cocoa genotypes in Colombia as affected by bud type, grafting technique, and pruning. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 38(1), 29-42. DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v38i1.491
Unda, S. B., & Morales, P. S. (2021). Efectos de biochar en el desarrollo vegetativo de Theobroma cacao L. Revista Científica Agroecosistemas, 9(2), 86-91. https://aes.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/aes/article/view/473
Vera Chang, J., Moreno Cano, C. J., & Salazar Pacheco, M. B. (2021). Effect of pruning intensities on national and trinity cocoa established with three propagative methods. Revista Colombiana De Investigaciones Agroindustriales, 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23850/24220582.363
Wigunanda, I. W. S. A., Rai, I. N., & Wiraatmaja, I. W. (2023). Growth and yield response of organic cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) to mycorrhizal biofertilizer prototype and pruning. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(2), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.22.2.0048
Zavala-Solorzano, J. W., Repoma-Rodriguez, D. N., Lao-Olivares, C. P., & Aguilar-Guizado, J. K. (2022). Enmiendas líquidas orgánicas en la reducción de cadmio en suelo, hojas y almendras de cacao. Agroindustrial Science, 12(2), 199-205. https://doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2022.02.10
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Sol Chevez Villanueva, Leontes Leonidas Zambrano Barcos, José Luis Chevez Villanueva, Julio Bolívar Inga Bueno
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
