Anatomy and morphology of reproductive organs of Nephelium lappaceum L
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro332.5Keywords:
Sporophyte, schizocarpic, flowering, fruiting, gametophyteAbstract
The rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is exotic, non-traditional and very attractive in international markets; however, currently there is little information on anatomical and morphological aspects. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the anatomy of floral initiation and differentiation, development of gametophytes, of the aril and type of the fruit of N. lappaceum. A longitudinal design was implemented that comprises in the detection of anatomical changes of the vegetative buds towards the reproductive ones; development of pistillate flowers, as well as the ovary and ovule of the hermaphrodite flower, towards the fruit and seed. The floral initiation was presented after 41 days of pre-anthesis. The stamen has an anther with two thecae, the anthers are indehiscent and have epidermis, the endothecium develops fibrillar thickenings, it has binucleate cells and the tapetum is secretory. A locule per theca appeared with triporate pollen grains. Microsporogenesis developed normally, division of mother cells of the microspores was simultaneous and the tetrads of the microspores, with tetrahedral arrangement, were enclosed by the tapetum, which is quite thin. The gynoecium shows a bicarpellary or tricarpellary ovary. Each locule contains a campylotropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate ovule; the megagametophyte is of polygonum type. The fruit reached its maximum size, weight, and color 125 days after anthesis. It is dry, indehiscent, monospermo; it is derived from a carpel and is a schizocarpic nut.
Downloads
References
Arévalo-Galarza, M.L., J.F. Caballero-Pérez, G. Valdovinos-Ponce, J. Cadena-Iñiguez y C.H. Avendaño-Arrazate. 2018. Growth and histological development of the fruit pericarp in rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.). Acta Horticulturae 1194: 165-172.
Arias, C.M., R.H. Velásquez, C.D. Mateus, Z.H. Chaparro y R.J. Orduz. 2016. El rambután (Nephelium lappaceum), frutal asiático con potencial para Colombia: avances de la investigación en el piedemonte del Meta. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 10(2): 262-272.
Barrell, P.J. y U. Grossniklaus. 2005. Confocal microscopy of whole ovules for analysis of reproductive development: the elongate1 mutant affects meiosis II. The Plant Journal 43(2): 309-320.
Baroux, C., C. Spillane y U. Grossniklaus. 2002. Evolutionary origins of the endosperm in flowering plants. Genome Biology 3(9): 1-5.
Caballero-Pérez, J.F., L. Arévalo-Galarza, C.H. Avendaño-Arrazate, J. Cadena-Iñiguez, G. Valdovinos-Ponce y J.F. Aguirre-Medina. 2011. Cambios fı́sicos y bioquı́micos durante el desarrollo y senescencia de frutos de rambután (Nephelium lappaceum L.). Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 17(1): 31-38.
Cao, L.M., N.H. Xia y Y.F. Deng. 2008. Embryology of Handeliodendron bodinieri (Sapindaceae) and its systematic value: development of male and female gametophytes. Plant Systematics and Evolution 274(1): 17-23.
Djuita, N.R., A. Hartana, T. Chikmawati y D. Dorly. 2016. Pulasan [(Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.] fruit trees: variations in flower morphology, and associated differences in pollination type. International Journal of Plant Biology 7(1): 1-6.
Endress, P.K. 2011. Angiosperm ovules: diversity, development, evolution. Annals of Botany 107(9): 1465-1489.
García, E. 2004. Modificaciones al Sistema de Clasificación Climática de Köppen. Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. 93 p.
González, V.V., S.M. Solís y M.S. Ferrucci. 2014. Anatomía reproductiva en flores estaminadas y pistiladas de Allophylus edulis (Sapindaceae). Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 49(2): 207-216.
Haseloff, J. 2003. Old botanical techniques for new microscopes. BioTechniques 34(6): 1174-1182.
Johri, B.M., K.B. Ambegaokar y P.S. Srivastava. 2014. Comparative embryology of angiosperms. Springer-Verlag Berlín Heidelberg, Alemania. 1221 p.
Joo-Pérez, R., C.H. Avendaño-Arrazate, A. Sandoval-Esquivez, S. Espinoza-Zaragoza, M. Alonso-Báez, J.L. Moreno-Martínez, R. Ariza-Flores y C.R. Morales-Nieto. 2017. Alternancy study on rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) tree in Mexico. American Journal of Plant Sciences 8(1): 40-52.
Kothagoda, N. y A.N. Rao. 2012. Fruit anatomy of four Nephelium species-with special reference to aril development. Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants 13(2): 199-212.
Lim, A.L. 1984. The reproductive biology of rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum L. (Sapindaceae). Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore 37(2): 181-192.
Li-Min, C. y X. Nian-He. 2009. Floral organogenesis of Delavaya toxocarpa (Sapindaceae; Sapindales). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 47(3): 237-244.
Menzel, C. 2001. The physiology of growth and cropping in lychee. Acta Horticulturae 12(558): 175-184.
Muhamed, S., S. Kurien, K. Iyer, A. Remzeena y S. Thomas. 2019. Natural diversity of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in Kerala, India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 66(4): 1073-1090.
Nacif, S.R., P.A. Sartori y S.L. Chamhum. 2001. Morphological and anatomical development of the litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Brewster). Fruits 56(4): 225-233.
Pham, V.T., M. Herrero y J.I. Hormaza. 2015. Phenological growth stages of longan (Dimocarpus longan) according to the BBCH scale. Scientia Horticulturae 189: 201-207.
Reyes-Moreno, M., E. García-Villanueva, S. Chávez-Franco, A. Muratalla-Lúa, J. Reyes-Moreno y J.M.E. Aguilar-Luna. 2020. Fertilización en rambután (Nephelium lappaceum L.) para mejorar la calidad de frutos. Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios 7(1): e2412.
Sandoval, Z.E. 2005. Técnicas Aplicadas al Estudio de la Anatomía Vegetal. Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México. 277 p.
Shields, V.D.C. y T. Heinbockel. 2018. Introductory Chapter: Histological Microtechniques. In: Histology. Heinbockel T. (ed.). IntechOpen. pp: 3-16.
Skinner, D.J. y V. Sundaresan 2018. Recent advances in understanding female gametophyte development [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]. F1000Research 7 (F1000 Faculty Rev): 804.
Stern, R.A. y S. Gazit. 2003. The reproductive biology of the lychee. Horticultural Reviews 28: 393-453.
Thitithanakul, S. 2016. Nutrients in leaves before flowering of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) cv. RongRien. Songklanakarin Journal of Scienc e and Technology 3(1): 40-44.
Weckerle, C.S. y R. Rutishauser. 2005. Gynoecium, fruit and seed structure of Paullinieae (Sapindaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 147(2):159-189.
Windarsih, G. y M. Efendi. 2019. Morphological characteristics of flower and fruit in several rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars in Serang City, Banten, Indonesia Biodiversitas 20(5): 1442-1449.
Yadegari, R. y G.N. Drews. 2004. Female gametophyte development. Plant Cell 16: S133-S141.
Zini, M.L., G.B. Galati, S.M. Solís y M.S. Ferrucci. 2012. Another structure and pollen development in Melicoccus lepidopetalus (Sapindaceae): An evolutionary approach to dioecy in the family. Flora 207(10): 712-720
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Rights of the author/s are from the year of publication
This work is under the license:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
The opinions expressed by the authors not necesarily reflect the position of the publisher or UCLA. The total or partial reproduction of the texts published in this journal is authorized, as long as the complete source and the electronic address of this journal is cited. Authors have the right to use their articles for any purpose as long as it is done for non-profit purposes. Authors can publish the final version of their work on internet or any other medium, after it has been published in this journal.
Bioagro reserves the right to make textual modifications and technical adjustments to the figures of the manuscripts, in accordance with the style and specifications of the journal.
