Uso de aplicaciones móviles para promover la adherencia terapéutica en adultos con diabetes tipo 2: una revisión integrativa de la literatura.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21420971Palabras clave:
diabetes tipo 2, adherencia terapéutica, aplicaciones móviles, mHealth, salud digital, revisión integrativaResumen
Introducción. Esta revisión integrativa tuvo como propósito sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre el uso de aplicaciones móviles para promover la adherencia terapéutica en personas adultas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) considerando los aspectos relacionados con el cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico, la dieta y la actividad física en contextos de atención comunitaria o ambulatoria. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar, identificando un total de 45 estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025. Se utilizó la herramienta del Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) para evaluar la calidad de los estudios incluidos. Resultados. Los hallazgos muestran que las aplicaciones móviles y otras plataformas de salud digital (mHealth) impactan positivamente en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico, a la dieta y a la actividad física. Entre las intervenciones más efectivas destacan la telemedicina, los recordatorios, la retroalimentación personalizada y el monitoreo en tiempo real. Estas herramientas favorecen la autogestión, mejoran indicadores clínicos como la HbA1c y el IMC, y aumentan la satisfacción de los pacientes. Conclusiones. Las tecnologías móviles constituyen herramientas complementarias útiles para fortalecer la adherencia a la DMT2, siempre que se implementen de forma personalizada y contextualizada, con apoyo de enfermería. Los resultados resaltan el papel estratégico de esta disciplina en articular la innovación digital con el cuidado cotidiano en salud comunitaria y familiar
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