Efeito do tabagismo e do diabetes tipo 2 na periodontite revisão narrativa da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13251232Palavras-chave:
enfermedades periodontais, periodontite, diabetes mellitus, hábito de fumarResumo
Objetivo: realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre o efeito que tem o tabaquismo e o diabetes tipo 2 sobre a periodontite. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa do tema. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exaustiva nas bases de dados acadêmicos Pubmed Medline e Google Scholar, e outras fontes relevantes. Use palavras-chave e termos de pesquisa relacionados ao tema. Os critérios para incluir os artigos científicos fueron: a) escritos em inglês e b) de 10 anos a la data. Resultados e discussão: A periodontite é uma das doenças mais prevalentes em nível mundial. Implica interações dinâmicas complexas entre patógenos bacterianos específicos, respostas imunológicas destrutivas do corpo, modificadas por fatores genéticos e ambientais. De acordo com o estudo Global Burden of Diseases 2017, em nível mundial, 796 milhões de pessoas tiveram periodontite grave. Durante anos, em diversos estudos, eles tentaram determinar quais são os fatores de risco que causaram sua aparição e o rápido progresso desta doença. Pacientes com diabetes não controlado têm um grande risco de desenvolver periodontite em comparação com pacientes sistemicamente saudáveis ou pacientes com diabetes bem controlados. A associação deve fazer parte das alterações no sistema imunológico de pacientes com diabetes não controlado. O tabaquismo é o fator de risco ambiental mais importante para a periodontite, aumenta o risco de padecimento da periodontite mais grave, provocando uma maior recessão gengival e uma rápida progressão da doença. Além disso, o microbioma foi alterado em pacientes fumantes. Conclusão: O diabetes e o tabaquismo têm um impacto negativo na aparição, na terapia e no prognóstico da periodontite. Por isso, deve-se recomendar aos pacientes com periodontite a importância de controlar o diabetes e parar de fumar para o manejo exitoso da periodontite.
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