Aborto por neospora caninum em rebanhos bovinos de raça Carora em Venezuela
Palavras-chave:
aborto, bovino, fetos, Neospora caninum, seropositividadeResumo
Neospora caninum é um protozoo parasita intracelular conceituado na atualidade como uma das principais causas de aborto em vacuno em sistemas de produção de leite e carne de todo mundo. Em Venezuela, realizaram-se poucos estudos nos que se relacione a ocorrência de aborto, seropositividad e a confirmação de infecção por Neospora caninum em fetos abortados mediante técnicas de biologia molecular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a seropositividad em frente a Neospora caninum em diferentes fincas de raça Carora em Venezuela e determinar sua relação com a ocorrência de abortos causados por este agente etiológico diagnosticado mediante estudos histológicos e moleculares em fetos abortados coletados em ditas fincas. Os seis rebanhos analisados apresentaram algum animal com anticuerpos em frente a Neospora caninum, com uma positividad total de 28,1%. A avaliação dos fetos abortados mediante técnicas histológicas e PCR específica em frente a Neospora caninum,, permitiu confirmar ao parasita como causa de aborto em ditas fincas. Finalmente, os resultados confirmam a importância da neosporosis em Venezuela, e os dados obtidos fundamentam a inclusão desta doença no diagnóstico de doenças que cursan com aborto em Venezuela, e o aplicativo de medidas de controle.
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Referências
Anderson M., Andrianarivo A., Conrad P. (2000). “Neosporosis in cattle”. Animal Reproductive Science. 60-61:417-31.
Anderson M., Palmer C., Thurmond M., Picanso J., Blanchard P., Breitmeyer R., Layton A, McAllister M., Daft B., Kinde H. (1995). “Evaluation of abortions in cattle attributable to neosporosis in selected dairy herds in California”. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association. 207(9):1206-10.
Bartels C., Arnaiz-Seco J., Ruiz-Santa-Quitera A., Björkman C., Frössling J., von Blumröder D., Conraths F., Schares G., van Maanen C., Wouda W., Ortega-Mora L. (2006). “Supranational comparison of Neospora caninum seroprevalences in cattle in Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden”. Veterinary Parasitology. 137(1-2):17-27.
Bartels C., van Maanen C., van der Meulen A., Dijkstra T., Wouda W. (2005). “Evaluation of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in bulk milk”. Vetererinarian Parasitology.131(3-4):235-46.
Basso W., Venturini L., Venturini M., Hill D., Kwok O., Shen S., Dubey J. (2001). “First isolation of Neospora caninum from the feces of a naturally infected dog”. Journal of Parasitology. 87(3):612-8.
Bjerkås I. y Presthus J. (1989). “The neuropathology in toxoplasmosis-like infection caused by a newly recognized cyst-forming sporozoon in dogs”. APMISH.
BLAST. (2011). “Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. A tool for comparing an amino acid or nucleotide sequence to an entire sequence library, identifying regions of high sequence similarity”. https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi.
Buxton D., McAllister M., Dubey J. (2002). “The comparative pathogenesis of neosporosis”. Trends of Parasitolology. 18(12):546-52.
Corbellini L., Pescador C., Frantz F., Wunder E., Steffen D., Smith D., Driemeier D. (2006). “Diagnostic survey of bovine abortion with special reference to Neospora caninum infection: importance, repeated abortion and concurrent infection in aborted fetuses in Southern Brazil”. Veterinary Journal. 172(1):114-20.
Dubey J., Hattel A., Lindsay D. y Topper M. (1988). “Neonatal Neospora caninum infection in dogs: isolation of the causative agent and experimental transmission”. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 193(10):1259-63.
Dubey J. y Lindsay S. (1996). “A review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis”. Veterinary Parasitology. 67(1-2):1-59.
Dubey J. (1999). “Neosporosis the first decade of research.” International Journal for Parasitology, 29(10):1485-1488.
Dubey J. (2003). “Neosporosis in cattle”. Journal of Parasitology. 89:S42- S56.
Dubey J. (2005). “Neosporosis in cattle”. Veterinary Clinical of North America: Food Animal Practice. 21(2):473-83.
Dubey J., Sreekumar C., Knickman E., Miska K., Vianna M., Kwok O., Hill D., Jenkins M., Lindsay D., Greene C. (2004). “Biologic, morphologic, and molecular characterisation of Neospora caninum isolates from littermate dogs”. International Journal of Parasitology. 34(10):1157-67
Dubey J. y Schares G. (2006). “Diagnosis of bovine neosporosis”. Veterinary Parasitology. 140(1-2):1-34.
Dubey J., Schares G., Ortega-Mora L. (2007). “Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum”. Clinical Microbiology Review. 20(2):323-67.
Escalona J., García F., Mosquera O., Vargas F., Corro A. (2010). “Factores de riesgo asociados a la prevalencia de Neosporosis Bovina en el municipio Bolívar del estado Yaracuy, Venezuela”. Zootecnia Tropical. 28(2): 201-212.
Fernández J. (2004). “Seropositividad de la Neosporosis bovina en fincas ganaderas de la región de Tucacas, estado Falcón” (tesis de maestría). Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela.
Ghalmi F., China B., Kaidi R., Losson B. (2011). “Neospora caninum is associated with abortion in Algerian cattle”. Journal Parasitology. 97(6):1121-1124.
Gondim L. (2006). “Neospora caninum in wildlife”. Trends in Parasitology. 22(6):247-52.
Jensen A., Björkman C., Kjeldsen A., Wedderkopp A., Willadsen C., Uggla A., Lind P. (1999). “Associations of Neospora caninum seropositivity with gestation number and pregnancy outcome in Danish dairy herds”. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 40(3-4):151-163.
Kaufmann H., Yamage M., Roditi I., Dobbelaere D., Dubey J., Holmdahl O., Trees A., Gottstein B. (1996). “Discrimination of Neospora caninum from Toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites by hybridization and PCR”. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 10 (4):289-297.
Larkin E., Morris N., Li Y., Nock N., Stein C. (2007). “Comparison of affected sibling-pair linkage methods to identify gene x gene interaction in GAW15 simulated data”. BMC Proceedings. 1 Suppl 1:S66.
León E., Guillén A., Aragort W., García F., Morales G., Pino L., Sandoval E. y Balestrini C. (2007). “Limitaciones parasitológicas en rebaños doble propósito del municipio San José de Guaribe (Estado Guárico) y sur del Estado Aragua”. Espinoza y Domínguez (Eds.). I Simposio Tecnologías Apropiadas para la Ganadería de los Llanos de Venezuela, Capítulo III. 177-194.
Liddell S., Jenkins M., Dubey J. (1999). “A competitive PCR assay for quantitative detection of N. caninum”. International Journal for Parasitology. 29(10):1583-1588.
Linarez N., Álvarez G., Mendoza C., Matheus, N. (2016). “Presencia de anticuerpos séricos contra Neospora caninum en un rebaño bovino del estado Lara-Venezuela”. Revista del Colegio de Médicos Veterinarios del Estado Lara. 11(1):24-30.
Lindsay D., Lenz S., Blagburn B., Brake D. (1999). “Characterization of temperature-sensitive strains of Neospora caninum in mice”. Journal of Parasitology. 85(1):64-67.
Lista-Alves D., Palomares-Naveda R., Garcia F., Obando C., Arrieta D., Hoet A. (2006). “Serological evidence of Neospora caninum in dual-purpose cattle herds in Venezuela”. Veterinary Parasitology. 136(3-4):347-349.
López-Gatius F., Santolaria P., Yániz J., Garbayo J., Almería S. (2005). “The use of beef bull semen reduced the risk of abortion in N. caninum-seropositive dairy cows”. Journal of Vetererinary Medicine. 52:88-92.
McAllister M. (2016). “Diagnosis and Control of Bovine Neosporosis”. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 32(2):443-63.
McGarry J., Stockton C., Williams D., Trees A. (2003). “Protracted shedding of oocysts of Neospora caninum by a naturally infected foxhound”. Journal of Parasitology. 89(3):628-630.
McInnes L., Ryan U., O'Handley R., Sager H., Forshaw D., Palmer D. (2006). “Diagnostic significance of Neospora caninum DNA detected by PCR in cattle serum”. Veterinary Parasitology. 142(3-4):207-13.
Moore D., Campero C., Odeón A., Posso M., Cano D, Leunda M., Basso W., Venturini M., Späth E. (2002). “Seroepidemiology of beef and dairy herds and fetal study of Neospora caninum in Argentina”. Veterinary Parasitology. 107(4):303-316.
Obando C., Bracamonte M., Montoya A. y Cadenas V. (2010). “Neospora caninum en un rebaño lechero y su asociación con el aborto”. Revista Científica FCV-LUZ. 20(3):235-239.
Pabón M., López-Gatius F., García-Ispierto I., Bech-Sàbat G., Nogareda C., Almería S. (2007). “Chronic Neospora caninum infection and repeat abortion in dairy cows: a 3-year study”. Veterinary Parasitology. 147(1-2):40-46.
Paré J., Thurmond M., Hietala S. (1997). “Neospora caninum antibodies in cows during pregnancy as a predictor of congenital infection and abortion”. Journal Parasitology. 83(1): 82-87.
Pitel P., Pronost S., Chatagnon G., Tainturier D., Fortier G., Ballet J. (2001). “Neosporosis in bovine dairy herds from the west of France: detection of Neospora caninum DNA in aborted fetuses, seroepidemiology of N. caninum in cattle and dogs”. Veterinarian Parasitology. 102(4):269-277.
Romero J., Breda S., Vargas B., Dolz G., Frankena K. (2005). “Effect of neosporosis on productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle in Costa Rica”. Theriogenology. 64(9):1928-39.
Sartor I., A. Garcia, L., Vianna, E., Pituco V., Sartor R. (2005). “Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em bovinos leiteiros e de corte da região de Presidente Prudente, SP”. Arquivo-s Do Instituto Biologico. 72(4):13–418.
Schares G., Rauser M., Zimmer K., Peters M., Wurm R., Dubey J., De Graaf D., Edelhofer R., Mertens C., Hess G., Conraths F. (1999). “Serological differences in Neospora caninum associated epidemic and endemic abortions”. Journal of Parasitology. 85(4):688-694.
Schares G., Bärwald A., Staubach C., Ziller M., Klöss D., Wurm R., Rauser M., Labohm R., Dräger K., Fasen W., Hess R., Conraths F. (2003). “Regional distribution of bovine Neospora caninum infection in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate modelled by Logistic regression”. International Journal for Parasitology. 33(14):1631-40.
Schares G., Bärwald A., Staubach C., Wurm R., Rauser M., Conraths F., Schroeder C. (2004). “Adaptation of a commercial ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Neospora caninum in bovine milk”. Veterinary Parasitology. 120(1-2):55-63.
Thilsted J., Dubey J. (1989). “Neosporosis-like abortions in a herd of dairy cattle”. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 1(3):205-9.
Trees A. y Williams D. (2005). “Endogenous and exogenous transplacental infection in Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii”. Trends in Parasitology. 21(12):558-61.
Von Blumröder D., Schares G., Norton R., Williams D., Esteban-Redondo I., Wright S., Björkman C., Frössling J., Risco-Castillo V., Fernández-García A., Ortega-Mora L., Sager H., Hemphill A., Van Maanen C., Wouda W., Conraths F. (2004). “Comparison and standardisation of serological methods for the diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in bovines”. Veterinary Parasitology. 120(1-2):11-22.
Wouda W., Bartels C., Moen A. (1999). “Characteristics of Neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in diary herds in The Netherlands (1995 to 1997)”. Theriogenology. 52(2):233-45.
Wouda W., Brinkhof J., Van Maanen C., De Gee A., Moen A. (1998). “Serodiagnosis of neosporosis in individual cows and dairy herds: A comparative study of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays”. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory of Immunology. 5(5):711-6.
Yamage M., Flechtner O., Gottstein B. (1996). “Neospora caninum: specific oligonucleotide primers for the detection of brain "cyst" DNA of experimentally infected nude mice by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)”. Journal of Parasitology. 82(2):272-279
Yao L., Yang N., Liu Q., Wang M., Zhang W., Qian W., Hu Y., Ding J. (2009). “Detection of Neospora caninum in aborted bovine fetuses and dam blood samples by nested PCR and ELISA and seroprevalence in Beijing and Tianjin, China”. Parasitology. 136(11):1251-1256.
Anderson M., Palmer C., Thurmond M., Picanso J., Blanchard P., Breitmeyer R., Layton A, McAllister M., Daft B., Kinde H. (1995). “Evaluation of abortions in cattle attributable to neosporosis in selected dairy herds in California”. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association. 207(9):1206-10.
Bartels C., Arnaiz-Seco J., Ruiz-Santa-Quitera A., Björkman C., Frössling J., von Blumröder D., Conraths F., Schares G., van Maanen C., Wouda W., Ortega-Mora L. (2006). “Supranational comparison of Neospora caninum seroprevalences in cattle in Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden”. Veterinary Parasitology. 137(1-2):17-27.
Bartels C., van Maanen C., van der Meulen A., Dijkstra T., Wouda W. (2005). “Evaluation of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in bulk milk”. Vetererinarian Parasitology.131(3-4):235-46.
Basso W., Venturini L., Venturini M., Hill D., Kwok O., Shen S., Dubey J. (2001). “First isolation of Neospora caninum from the feces of a naturally infected dog”. Journal of Parasitology. 87(3):612-8.
Bjerkås I. y Presthus J. (1989). “The neuropathology in toxoplasmosis-like infection caused by a newly recognized cyst-forming sporozoon in dogs”. APMISH.
BLAST. (2011). “Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. A tool for comparing an amino acid or nucleotide sequence to an entire sequence library, identifying regions of high sequence similarity”. https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi.
Buxton D., McAllister M., Dubey J. (2002). “The comparative pathogenesis of neosporosis”. Trends of Parasitolology. 18(12):546-52.
Corbellini L., Pescador C., Frantz F., Wunder E., Steffen D., Smith D., Driemeier D. (2006). “Diagnostic survey of bovine abortion with special reference to Neospora caninum infection: importance, repeated abortion and concurrent infection in aborted fetuses in Southern Brazil”. Veterinary Journal. 172(1):114-20.
Dubey J., Hattel A., Lindsay D. y Topper M. (1988). “Neonatal Neospora caninum infection in dogs: isolation of the causative agent and experimental transmission”. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 193(10):1259-63.
Dubey J. y Lindsay S. (1996). “A review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis”. Veterinary Parasitology. 67(1-2):1-59.
Dubey J. (1999). “Neosporosis the first decade of research.” International Journal for Parasitology, 29(10):1485-1488.
Dubey J. (2003). “Neosporosis in cattle”. Journal of Parasitology. 89:S42- S56.
Dubey J. (2005). “Neosporosis in cattle”. Veterinary Clinical of North America: Food Animal Practice. 21(2):473-83.
Dubey J., Sreekumar C., Knickman E., Miska K., Vianna M., Kwok O., Hill D., Jenkins M., Lindsay D., Greene C. (2004). “Biologic, morphologic, and molecular characterisation of Neospora caninum isolates from littermate dogs”. International Journal of Parasitology. 34(10):1157-67
Dubey J. y Schares G. (2006). “Diagnosis of bovine neosporosis”. Veterinary Parasitology. 140(1-2):1-34.
Dubey J., Schares G., Ortega-Mora L. (2007). “Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum”. Clinical Microbiology Review. 20(2):323-67.
Escalona J., García F., Mosquera O., Vargas F., Corro A. (2010). “Factores de riesgo asociados a la prevalencia de Neosporosis Bovina en el municipio Bolívar del estado Yaracuy, Venezuela”. Zootecnia Tropical. 28(2): 201-212.
Fernández J. (2004). “Seropositividad de la Neosporosis bovina en fincas ganaderas de la región de Tucacas, estado Falcón” (tesis de maestría). Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela.
Ghalmi F., China B., Kaidi R., Losson B. (2011). “Neospora caninum is associated with abortion in Algerian cattle”. Journal Parasitology. 97(6):1121-1124.
Gondim L. (2006). “Neospora caninum in wildlife”. Trends in Parasitology. 22(6):247-52.
Jensen A., Björkman C., Kjeldsen A., Wedderkopp A., Willadsen C., Uggla A., Lind P. (1999). “Associations of Neospora caninum seropositivity with gestation number and pregnancy outcome in Danish dairy herds”. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 40(3-4):151-163.
Kaufmann H., Yamage M., Roditi I., Dobbelaere D., Dubey J., Holmdahl O., Trees A., Gottstein B. (1996). “Discrimination of Neospora caninum from Toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites by hybridization and PCR”. Molecular and Cellular Probes. 10 (4):289-297.
Larkin E., Morris N., Li Y., Nock N., Stein C. (2007). “Comparison of affected sibling-pair linkage methods to identify gene x gene interaction in GAW15 simulated data”. BMC Proceedings. 1 Suppl 1:S66.
León E., Guillén A., Aragort W., García F., Morales G., Pino L., Sandoval E. y Balestrini C. (2007). “Limitaciones parasitológicas en rebaños doble propósito del municipio San José de Guaribe (Estado Guárico) y sur del Estado Aragua”. Espinoza y Domínguez (Eds.). I Simposio Tecnologías Apropiadas para la Ganadería de los Llanos de Venezuela, Capítulo III. 177-194.
Liddell S., Jenkins M., Dubey J. (1999). “A competitive PCR assay for quantitative detection of N. caninum”. International Journal for Parasitology. 29(10):1583-1588.
Linarez N., Álvarez G., Mendoza C., Matheus, N. (2016). “Presencia de anticuerpos séricos contra Neospora caninum en un rebaño bovino del estado Lara-Venezuela”. Revista del Colegio de Médicos Veterinarios del Estado Lara. 11(1):24-30.
Lindsay D., Lenz S., Blagburn B., Brake D. (1999). “Characterization of temperature-sensitive strains of Neospora caninum in mice”. Journal of Parasitology. 85(1):64-67.
Lista-Alves D., Palomares-Naveda R., Garcia F., Obando C., Arrieta D., Hoet A. (2006). “Serological evidence of Neospora caninum in dual-purpose cattle herds in Venezuela”. Veterinary Parasitology. 136(3-4):347-349.
López-Gatius F., Santolaria P., Yániz J., Garbayo J., Almería S. (2005). “The use of beef bull semen reduced the risk of abortion in N. caninum-seropositive dairy cows”. Journal of Vetererinary Medicine. 52:88-92.
McAllister M. (2016). “Diagnosis and Control of Bovine Neosporosis”. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 32(2):443-63.
McGarry J., Stockton C., Williams D., Trees A. (2003). “Protracted shedding of oocysts of Neospora caninum by a naturally infected foxhound”. Journal of Parasitology. 89(3):628-630.
McInnes L., Ryan U., O'Handley R., Sager H., Forshaw D., Palmer D. (2006). “Diagnostic significance of Neospora caninum DNA detected by PCR in cattle serum”. Veterinary Parasitology. 142(3-4):207-13.
Moore D., Campero C., Odeón A., Posso M., Cano D, Leunda M., Basso W., Venturini M., Späth E. (2002). “Seroepidemiology of beef and dairy herds and fetal study of Neospora caninum in Argentina”. Veterinary Parasitology. 107(4):303-316.
Obando C., Bracamonte M., Montoya A. y Cadenas V. (2010). “Neospora caninum en un rebaño lechero y su asociación con el aborto”. Revista Científica FCV-LUZ. 20(3):235-239.
Pabón M., López-Gatius F., García-Ispierto I., Bech-Sàbat G., Nogareda C., Almería S. (2007). “Chronic Neospora caninum infection and repeat abortion in dairy cows: a 3-year study”. Veterinary Parasitology. 147(1-2):40-46.
Paré J., Thurmond M., Hietala S. (1997). “Neospora caninum antibodies in cows during pregnancy as a predictor of congenital infection and abortion”. Journal Parasitology. 83(1): 82-87.
Pitel P., Pronost S., Chatagnon G., Tainturier D., Fortier G., Ballet J. (2001). “Neosporosis in bovine dairy herds from the west of France: detection of Neospora caninum DNA in aborted fetuses, seroepidemiology of N. caninum in cattle and dogs”. Veterinarian Parasitology. 102(4):269-277.
Romero J., Breda S., Vargas B., Dolz G., Frankena K. (2005). “Effect of neosporosis on productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle in Costa Rica”. Theriogenology. 64(9):1928-39.
Sartor I., A. Garcia, L., Vianna, E., Pituco V., Sartor R. (2005). “Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em bovinos leiteiros e de corte da região de Presidente Prudente, SP”. Arquivo-s Do Instituto Biologico. 72(4):13–418.
Schares G., Rauser M., Zimmer K., Peters M., Wurm R., Dubey J., De Graaf D., Edelhofer R., Mertens C., Hess G., Conraths F. (1999). “Serological differences in Neospora caninum associated epidemic and endemic abortions”. Journal of Parasitology. 85(4):688-694.
Schares G., Bärwald A., Staubach C., Ziller M., Klöss D., Wurm R., Rauser M., Labohm R., Dräger K., Fasen W., Hess R., Conraths F. (2003). “Regional distribution of bovine Neospora caninum infection in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate modelled by Logistic regression”. International Journal for Parasitology. 33(14):1631-40.
Schares G., Bärwald A., Staubach C., Wurm R., Rauser M., Conraths F., Schroeder C. (2004). “Adaptation of a commercial ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Neospora caninum in bovine milk”. Veterinary Parasitology. 120(1-2):55-63.
Thilsted J., Dubey J. (1989). “Neosporosis-like abortions in a herd of dairy cattle”. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 1(3):205-9.
Trees A. y Williams D. (2005). “Endogenous and exogenous transplacental infection in Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii”. Trends in Parasitology. 21(12):558-61.
Von Blumröder D., Schares G., Norton R., Williams D., Esteban-Redondo I., Wright S., Björkman C., Frössling J., Risco-Castillo V., Fernández-García A., Ortega-Mora L., Sager H., Hemphill A., Van Maanen C., Wouda W., Conraths F. (2004). “Comparison and standardisation of serological methods for the diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in bovines”. Veterinary Parasitology. 120(1-2):11-22.
Wouda W., Bartels C., Moen A. (1999). “Characteristics of Neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in diary herds in The Netherlands (1995 to 1997)”. Theriogenology. 52(2):233-45.
Wouda W., Brinkhof J., Van Maanen C., De Gee A., Moen A. (1998). “Serodiagnosis of neosporosis in individual cows and dairy herds: A comparative study of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays”. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory of Immunology. 5(5):711-6.
Yamage M., Flechtner O., Gottstein B. (1996). “Neospora caninum: specific oligonucleotide primers for the detection of brain "cyst" DNA of experimentally infected nude mice by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)”. Journal of Parasitology. 82(2):272-279
Yao L., Yang N., Liu Q., Wang M., Zhang W., Qian W., Hu Y., Ding J. (2009). “Detection of Neospora caninum in aborted bovine fetuses and dam blood samples by nested PCR and ELISA and seroprevalence in Beijing and Tianjin, China”. Parasitology. 136(11):1251-1256.
Publicado
2017-12-01
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Linarez-Alvarez, N., Mata-Silva, E., & Alméria de la Merced, S. (2017). Aborto por neospora caninum em rebanhos bovinos de raça Carora em Venezuela. Ágora De Heterodoxias, 3(2), 112-127. Recuperado de https://revistas.uclave.org/index.php/agora/article/view/165
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