Endophytic bacillus as biological control agent against Moniliophthora roreri under field conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro363.7Keywords:
Biocontrol, endophytic bacteria, field, fostry pod rot, Theobroma cacaoAbstract
Given the importance of research related to the use of Bacillus endophytes as biological control agents of Moniliophthora roreri, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four strains of this bacterial genus in the protection of Theobroma cacao L. against the causal agent of moniliasis in a production area of the province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. The experiment was conducted in an established plantation with the 14-year-old cocoa genotype EET-103 Nacional type, with a 3 x 3 m frame, on an Andisol soil, under a randomized complete block design, with six treatments and five replications. Three applications were made at a monthly frequency. Incidence and external severity were evaluated on the pod during the 90 days of development at a biweekly frequency. When the pods reached harvest maturity, they were opened longitudinally and the percentage of internal severity was determined. It was found that all strains showed biocontrol effect on M. roreri under field conditions, with Bacillus sp. 33 and B. amyloliquefaciens 24, isolated from the fruit mesocarp, standing out with average incidence values between 4.4 and 7.6 %, external severity between 3.6 and 6.2 % and internal severity between 22-30 %, respectively. The application of Bacillus endophytes strains constitutes a biological alternative to reduce the effects of moniliasis in cocoa agroecosystems.
Downloads
References
Abo-Koura, H.A. 2023. Endophytic bacteria; diversity, characterization and role in agriculture. Journal of Basic & Applied Science 19: 116-130.
Acebo, Y., A. Hernández, M. Heydrich, M. El Jaziri y A.N. Hernández. 2012. Management of black pod rot in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): a review. Fruits 67(1): 41-48.
Aceves, L.A. y M.E. Yzquierdo. 2024. Condiciones térmicas favorables para el desarrollo de monilia (Moniliophthora roreri) en la Chontalpa, Tabasco, México. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 7(1): 331-338.
Anand, U., T. Pal., N. Yadav., V. Kumar Singh., V. Tripathi., K. Kumar Choudhary, et al. 2023. Current scenario and future prospects of endophytic microbes: Promising candidates for abiotic and biotic stress management for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Microbial Ecology.
Bailey, B.A., H.C. Evans., W. Phillips-Mora., S.S. Ali y LW. Meinhardt. 2018. Monilophthora roreri, causal agent of cacao frosty pod rot. Molecular plant pathology 19(7): 1580-1594.
Ciba- Geigy. 1981 Manual para ensayos de campo en protección vegetal. 2da Edición. Basilea, Suiza. pp.11-20.
Coronel-Rojas, N. 2018. Análisis de los patrones de producción de lipopéptidos antifúngicos de Bacillus subtilis Ctpx S2-1 durante diferentes etapas de crecimiento. Trabajo de grado. Universidad de Las Américas (DLA). Quito. https://n9.cl/badrd
Espinosa, J., J. Moreno y G. Bernal. 2022. Suelos del Ecuador: Clasificación, uso y manejo. Instituto Geográfico Militar (IGM). Quito. pp. 45-103.
Evans, H.C. 2007. Cacao diseases: The trilogy revisited. Phytopathology 97(12): 1640-1643.
Fatima, T., S. Sharma, A. Bano, D. Srivastava, I. Verma y P.C. Singh. 2022. Microbial endophytes: A hidden plant resident, application and their role in abiotic stress management in plants. Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health 22(3): 127-140.
Hernández, A., Y. Ruiz, Y. Acebo, Y. Miguélez y M. Heidrych. 2014. Antagonistas microbianos para el manejo de la pudrición negra del fruto de Theobroma cacao L. Estado actual y perspectivas de uso en Cuba. Revista de Protección Vegetal 29(1): 11-19.
Hoben, H.J. y P. Somasegaran 1982. Comparison of the pour, spread, and drop plate methods for enumeration of Rhizobium spp. In inoculants made from presterilized peatt. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 44(5): 1246-1247.
Jaimes, A., R. Coronado y Y. Jaimes. 2008. Evaluación in vitro e in vivo de cinco cepas de Bacillussp. como agentes de biocontrol de Moniliophthoraroreri. pp. 26-27. En: Memorias Seminario Internacional de Cacao: Avances de Investigación. Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural. Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. Federación Nacional de Cacaoteros. Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Jaimes-Suárez, Y.Y., A.S. Carvajal-Rivera, DA. Galvis-Neira, F.E.L. Carvalho y J. Rojas-Molina. 2022. Cacao agroforestry systems beyond the stigmas: Biotic and abiotic stress incidence impact. Frontiers Plant Science 13: 921469.
Khan, S.S., V. Verma y S. Rasool. 2020. Diversity and the role of endophytic bacteria: a review. Botanica Serbica 44(2): 103-120.
Larbi-Koranteng, S., R. Tuyee y F. Kankam. 2020. Biological control of black pod disease of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. in vitro and in the field. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials 12(2): 52-63.
Melnick, R.L., N.K. Zidack, B.A. Bailey, S.N. Maximova, M. Guiltinan y P.A. Backman. 2008. Bacterial endophytes: Bacillus spp. from annual crops as potential biological control agents of black pod rot of cacao. Biological control 46(1): 46-56.
Melnick, R.L., C. Suarez, B.A. Bailey y P.A. Backman. 2011. Isolation of endophytic endospore-forming bacteria from Theobroma cacao as potential biological control agents of cacao diseases. Biological control 57(3): 236-245.
Ouattara, A., K. Coulibaly, I. Konate, B.I. Kebe, G.A.M. Beugre, A.S. Tidou y A. Filali-Maltouf. 2020. Screening and selection in vitro and in vivo of cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao Linn.) endophytic bacteria having antagonistic effects against Phytophthora spp. fungal agents responsible of black pod disease in Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of Applied & Environmental Microbiology 8(1): 25-31.
Pavithra, G., S. Bindal, M. Rana y S. Srivastava. 2020. Role of endophytic microbes against plant pathogens: A review. Asian Journal of Plant Science 19(1): 54-62.
Phillips-Mora, W y MJ Wilkinson. 2007. Frosty pod, a disease of limited geographic distribution but unlimited potential for damage. Phytopathology 97(12): 1644-1647.
Phillips-Mora, W., C.F. Ortiz y M.C. Aime. 2007. Fifty years of frosty pod rot in Central America: Chronology of its spread and impact from Panama to Mexico. En: Proceedings of the 15th International Cocoa Research Conference, San José, Costa Rica 1: 1039-1047.
Pilaloa, W., A. Alvarado, D. Pérez y S. Torres. 2021. Manejo agroecológico de la moniliasis en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao) mediante la utilización de biofungicidas y podas fitosanitarias en el cantón La Trocal. Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias 5(15): 453-468.
Sánchez, J.A. 1983. Reacción de cultivares de cacao a la inoculación artificial con Monilia roreri Tesis de Maestro en Ciencias. CATIE Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Costa Rica. 55 p.
Sánchez, J., O. Brenes, W. Phillips y G Enríquez. 1987. Methodology for inoculating pods whit the fungus Moniliophthora (Monilla) roreri. Proceedings of the Tenth International Cocoa Research Conference. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republican: Cocoa Producers Alliance. pp. 467-471.
Shoda, M. 2019.Biocontrol of plant diseases by Bacillus subtilis: Basic and practical applications. Boca Raton, Florida, 325p.
Solis, K., S. Peñaherrera y D. Vera. 2021. Las enfermedades del cacao y las buenas prácticas agronómicas para su manejo. Guía No 178. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Est. Exp. Tropical Pichilingue. Mocache, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador. 20 p. https://n9.cl/zcde8
Suárez, L. y R. Alba. 2013. Aislamiento de microorganismos para el control biológico de Moniliophthora roreri. Acta Agronómica 62(4): 370-378.
Ten Hoopen, G.M. y U. Krauss. 2016. Biological control of cacao diseases. In: B. A. Bailey y L.W. Meinhardt (eds.). Cacao Diseases: A History of Old Enemies and New Encounters. Springer International Publishing. New York. pp. 511-566.
Townsend, G.R. y J.W. Heuberger. 1943. Methods for stimating losses caused by diseases in fungicide experiments. Plant Disease Report 27(17): 340-343.
Vera, M.A., A. Bernal., D. Vera., M. Leiva., A. Rivero y A.E.A. Vera. 2020. Antagonismo in vitro de bacterias endófitas formadoras de endosporas frente a Moniliophthora roreri H.C. Evans et al. Revista de Protección Vegetal 35(2): 1-8.
Vera, M.A., A. Bernal., D. Vera., M. Leiva., A. Rivero y L. Morales. 2021a. Actividad antifúngica de compuestos volátiles producidos por especies endófitas de Bacillus sobre Moniliophthora roreri H.C Evans et al. Revista de Protección Vegetal 36(1): 1-6.
Vera, M.A., A. Bernal, D. Vera, M. Leiva, A. Rivero y L. Morales. 2021b. Árbol filogenético y diversidad de bacterias endófitas asociadas a Theobroma cacao L. en una zona de la provincia de Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Bioagro 33(3): 223-228.
Vera, M.A. 2023. Bacillus endófitos asociados a Theobroma cacao L., como agentes de biocontrol de Moniliophthora roreri H.C Evans et al. Tesis. Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Cuba. 90 p.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Pedro P. Páez Martínez, Alexander Bernal Cabrera, Hugo A. Castro Albán, Rosa del P. Castro - Gómez, María A. Vera-Loor
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Rights of the author/s are from the year of publication
This work is under the license:
Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
The opinions expressed by the authors not necesarily reflect the position of the publisher or UCLA. The total or partial reproduction of the texts published in this journal is authorized, as long as the complete source and the electronic address of this journal is cited. Authors have the right to use their articles for any purpose as long as it is done for non-profit purposes. Authors can publish the final version of their work on internet or any other medium, after it has been published in this journal.
Bioagro reserves the right to make textual modifications and technical adjustments to the figures of the manuscripts, in accordance with the style and specifications of the journal.
