Cárie dentária: da genética à ômica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14739181Palavras-chave:
cárie dentária, genética, genômica, multiômica, odontologia integrativaResumo
Introdução: A cárie dentária é uma das doenças crônicas mais comuns, influenciada por fatores genéticos, fenotípicos e ambientais. Nas últimas décadas, a pesquisa avançou das abordagens tradicionais para a adoção de tecnologias "ômicas", que permitem uma compreensão mais detalhada e personalizada da doença. Objetivo: Revisar a evolução do estudo da cárie dentária, da genética aos avanços nas tecnologias "ômicas", e examinar como essas ferramentas estão transformando a pesquisa e o tratamento personalizado da cárie. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca abrangente da literatura científica no PubMed e Scopus sobre estudos relacionados à cárie dentária, com foco na pesquisa genética, fatores ambientais e no impacto das tecnologias "ômicas" (genômica, metagenômica, metabolômica e proteômica) na área odontológica. Resultados: Fatores genéticos desempenham um papel fundamental na suscetibilidade à cárie, mas a influência de fatores ambientais, como dieta e microbiota oral, é igualmente importante. As tecnologias ômicas tornaram possível identificar perfis moleculares que explicam a variabilidade na resposta à doença e ao tratamento, abrindo caminho para uma abordagem de medicina personalizada. Avanços em genômica e proteômica, em particular, estão facilitando diagnósticos mais precisos e tratamentos mais direcionados. Conclusão: Os avanços nas tecnologias "ômicas" estão revolucionando o estudo e o tratamento da cárie dentária, proporcionando uma abordagem mais abrangente e personalizada que integra fatores genéticos, fenotípicos e ambientais.
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